2011年成考英語語法歸納及練習(xí)：代詞（一）

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　　代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞，它們?cè)诰渥又谐袚?dān)不同的功用。

　　人 稱 代 詞轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　一、主格人稱代詞有I， we， you， he， she， they， it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當(dāng)主語和表語的代詞

　　二、賓格人稱代詞有me， us， you， him， her， them， it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當(dāng)賓語(含介詞賓語)的代詞

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1) Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.

　　2) Legends often contain an element [A] of fact， but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.

　　3) Unlike [A] road vehicles， Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.

　　4) Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.

　　5) Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton， but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces， hands [D] ， and shoulders?

　　四、例題解析

　　1) C錯(cuò)。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he.

　　2) C錯(cuò)。 改為they are.C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。

　　3) D錯(cuò)。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語從句中的主語，謂語為travel.

　　4) A錯(cuò)。 改為me.

　　5) A錯(cuò)。改為賓格us，因?yàn)榍懊媸墙樵~of，us作其賓語，故用賓格。

　　物 主 代 詞

　　一、表示人的物主代詞用my， our， your， his， her和their，指無生命的東西用its(但指國家時(shí)一般用she或her)，它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ

　　二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(It's theirs)、主語(Mine is there)、賓語(I don't like hers)，與of連用可以作定語(the food of theirs)。

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1) A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.

　　2) Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有彈性的) solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率) of 1.591， though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡漿) as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.

　　3) Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.

　　四、例題解析

　　1) A錯(cuò)。 改為his.

　　2) B錯(cuò)。 改為its.

　　3) D錯(cuò)。 改為their.

　　反 身 代 詞轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　一、反身代詞有myself， ourselves， yourselves， himself， herself， themselves， itself.主語與賓語為同一人或物時(shí)，要用反身代詞(否則就不能用反身代詞)，反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

　　1) All [A] the scouts(童子軍) got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.

　　2) Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.

　　3) Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.

　　4) The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.

　　5) Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland， Ohio， the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.

　　6) Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration， the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.

　　7) When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister， he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .

　　二、例題解析

　　1) B錯(cuò)。 改為themselves.

　　2) B錯(cuò)。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語that卻指代shells，也就是說“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語與賓語不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them.

　　3) C錯(cuò)。本句的主語為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在這里它作aptitude的定語)，而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語與賓語并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him.

　　4) D錯(cuò)。 改為to him.動(dòng)詞“presented”的(邏輯)主語是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。

　　5) B錯(cuò)。 改為him.同上。

　　6) A錯(cuò)。此處的them指主語plants，rid是及物動(dòng)詞，由于主語與賓語指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves.

　　7) D錯(cuò)。 改為for himself.

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