2014年成人高考專升本英語詞匯和語法復(fù)習(xí):動詞八

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　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作，或從過去某個時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語形式：have / has +過去分詞。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與for， since 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，副詞 just， already， yet， never， ever， lately， recently， so far等也常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。

　　The car has arrived.

　　My parents have had a good education.

　　I have bought a dictionary.

　　The delegation has already left.

　　So far we have only discussed the first two chapters.

　　We haven't had much rain this winter.

　　I have just received a letter from my parents.

　　(just already never ever放在have、has后面，過去分詞前面)

　　We haven't reached an agreement yet.

　　Have they got the plan yet?

　　My mother has been a teacher for thirty years and now she has retired. (她退休已經(jīng)十年了不能用She has been retired for ten years表達(dá)，retire不能表一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間，有for或since時(shí)謂語動詞一定是可以表延續(xù)的動詞)

　　My mother has been a teacher since she graduated from the university.

　　My mother has been a teacher since ten years ago.

　　for接一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間，since后接過去時(shí)的句子或時(shí)間狀語。

　　I have been here since last October.

　　My sister has caught a bad cold.

　　She has been ill for a week.

　　完成時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用還應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)

　　1.come， go ， leave， arrive， begin， start， become， join， get up 等表示短暫性動作的動詞，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，這些動作需用表示狀態(tài)的詞替代。

　　I have had this coat for one year. ( 替代have bought)

　　My uncle has been back for two days. (替代 has come back)

　　The train has been away for an hour. (替代 has left)

　　The twin brothers have been in the army for three years. (替代have joined the army)

　　The film has been on for ten minutes. (替代 has begun)

　　We've been up for two hours.(替代 have got up)

　　2.have been to 與 have gone to 的區(qū)別

　　have been to 表示“去過某地”或“去干過某事”，人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了;have gone to 表示“去某地了”或“去干某事了”，人還沒有回來。

　　We have been to the Great Wall.

　　I've been to see a doctor.

　　I have been to the library.

　　He has gone to the library.

　　Where is Xiao Wang? -He has gone to Shanghai.

　　1. “Who's that good-looking girl Frank is dancing with?”

　　“I don't know. I ______ her before.”

　　A. had never seen B. was never seeing

　　C. have never seen D. never seen

　　答案 C

　　2. “Sorry， I'm a little bit late.”

　　“Oh， I ______ here just a few minutes.”

　　A. have been B. had been C. am D. will be

　　答案 A

　　3. “What a boring speaker!”

　　“Yes， by the time he finishes， everyone ________.”

　　A. was asleep B. will asleep C. has been asleep D. slept

　　asleep只能放在系動詞后面。

　　答案 C

　　4. We used to go skating in Michigan every winter， but I ______ for the past five seasons.

　　A. don't go B. haven't gone C. am not going D. didn't go

　　答案 B

　　used to do 過去常常做某事

　　5. Lead _______ as a material for sculpture since the time of the early Greeks.

　　A. has used B. used C. being used D. has been used

　　答案 D

　　6. “When did you decide to be a doctor?”

　　“Let me see. I'm twenty， and I have wanted to be a doctor since ______.”

　　A. ten years B. ten years ago C. I was ten D. Both B and C

　　since接過去時(shí)的句子或過去時(shí)的狀語

　　答案 D

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