2014年成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí):動(dòng)詞十三

　　特別關(guān)注：2014年成人高考考試報(bào)名時(shí)間 2014年成考VIP退費(fèi)班 協(xié)議保障 輕松上線！

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　(一)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+過(guò)去分詞

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am / is / are +過(guò)去分詞

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí) was / were +過(guò)去分詞

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí) shall / will + be +過(guò)去分詞

　　過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) should / would + be +過(guò)去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am / is / are + being +過(guò)去分詞

　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was / were + being +過(guò)去分詞

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have / has + been +過(guò)去分詞

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí) had been +過(guò)去分詞

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞

　　(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法

　　當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)(相對(duì)于執(zhí)行者)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要用于以下兩種情況：

　　1.不知道或沒有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　Such books are written for children.

　　Everything has been taken away.

　　When will the museum be opened for the public?

　　I was born in 1980.

　　2.動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心。

　　The composition was written with great care.

　　These questions are settled through negotiation.(negotiation 談判)

　　The flowers will be planted next week.

　　He is said to be a good teacher.

　　For this he was often made fun of.(make fun of 開玩笑)

　　若要同時(shí)將動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者表達(dá)出來(lái)，往往可以在執(zhí)行者前面加上by.

　　I'm puzzled by what the teacher has said.

　　The door was locked by me when I left the room last night.

　　The construction of the road has been held up by a flood.(hold up 阻礙、阻擋)

　　He was sent to school by his parents when he was only five years old.

　　(三)被動(dòng)句與主動(dòng)句的關(guān)系

　　被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)往往被省略。

　　We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.-The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again.

　　I found a poor girl lying on the ground.-The poor girl was found lying on the ground.

　　My mother bought me a pair of new shoes.-I was bought a pair of new shoes; -A pair of new shoes was bought for me.

　　When we came to the theatre， we found all the seats occupied.-When we came to the theatre， all the seats were found occupied.

　　They paint their houses white in spring.-Their houses are painted white in spring.

　　The people in the town recognize him as a genius.-He is recognized as a genius by the people in the town.

　　有些動(dòng)詞，如let， make， hear， see， watch， notice， have(讓，使)， feel 等，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，其后面的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)to 被省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中需將to表達(dá)出來(lái)。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，如果一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后一動(dòng)詞一定要加to.

　　I saw him turn round the corner.-He was seen to turn round the corner.

　　The teacher made the students copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.-The students were made to copy the sentences many times until they could make sentences themselves.

　　含有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　　(1)某些連系動(dòng)詞，如smell， taste， sound， prove， feel.

　　The flowers smell sweet.

　　The food tastes nice.

　　(2) 某些與can't， won't 等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞， 如move， lock， shut， open.

　　It can't move.(不能說(shuō) It can't be moved.)

　　The door won't shut.

　　(3) 某些可和well， easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read， write， wash， clean， draw， burn， cook.

　　The cloth washes well.

　　The poem reads smoothly.

　　The meat is cooking.

　　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)部分主要應(yīng)掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法及其在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中的表現(xiàn)形式。

　　1.It remains a question when the new classroom building _________.

　　A. will be completed B. had been completed

　　C. would be completed D. has been completed

　　(答案 A)

　　2.My mother knows Jane; they _____ to each other at a party.

　　A. have been introduced B. are introduced

　　C. were introduced D. had been introduced

　　(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：introduce sb. to sb.)

　　(答案 C)

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)部分還須特別注意動(dòng)詞make， hear， see等詞，其后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to 應(yīng)該保留。

　　Those who won't work should be made to work.

　　The teacher was made to give up his teaching because of poor health.(give up 放棄;health 名詞;healthy 形容詞;breath 名詞;breathe 動(dòng)詞)

　　1. In modern times， great female chefs have become known， and some of the best cook books _______ by women.

　　A. have written B. are written C. were written D. have been written

　　答案 D

　　2. ________ a new shopping center will be built here next year.

　　A. He is said B. It has said C. It is said C. It says

　　It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)

　　答案 C

　　3. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they _______ fully.

　　A. accept B. receive C. are accepted D. are received

　　they 指代new ideas

　　receive：1.收到別人給予的東西，不含收件人是否愿意接受之義。

　　I received a letter from a good friend of mine yesterday.

　　2.也可表示“得到”， “領(lǐng)受”，“遭受”之意。

　　The book was favorably received by the public.

　　Accept： “收到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿決定“接受”，“收授”。而receive只表示收到，不一定接受。

　　She received a gift from him， but did not accept it.

　　receive 與 accept 在表示贊成某一看法，意見時(shí)可以換用。

　　The moral code is now received / accepted by all.

　　答案 C

　　4. In some parks visitors _________ to keep off the grass.

　　A. request B. requests C. are requested D. is requested

　　keep off 遠(yuǎn)離

　　答案 C

　　5. He remembered ________ to the zoo by his father when he was little.

　　A. taking B. being taken C. to have taken D. have been taken

　　remeber doing 記得過(guò)去做的事情

　　答案 B

　　6. English ________ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

　　A. has been teaching B. was being taught

　　C. has been taught D. had been taught

　　in the past few years 近幾年。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　答案 C

　　7. All the machines _______ next month.

　　A. will be repaired B. will repair

　　C. will have repaired D. will have repair

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)必不可少的時(shí)系動(dòng)詞be

　　答案 A

　　8. The rooms were then empty and most of them _______.

　　A. have shut up B. had shut up

　　C. have been shut up D. had been shut up

　　答案 D

　　9. When they had finished playing， the children were made _______ all the toys they had taken out.

　　A. put away B. to put away

　　C. putting away D. be put away

　　put away 將某物收起來(lái)，放入箱子或抽屜

　　答案 B

　　分析句子首先要判斷主語(yǔ)能不能發(fā)出謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，如果不能發(fā)出動(dòng)作，就選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，然后再考慮不同的時(shí)態(tài)。

　　編輯推薦：

　　2014成考專升本英語(yǔ)詞組復(fù)習(xí) 

　　更多信息請(qǐng)?jiān)L問：成人高考頻道 成人高考論壇 考試疑難解答