自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料之第二章(上)

Learn new words and phrases

1. astronomer: n 天文學(xué)家；astronomy: n 天文學(xué)

2．explode: v 爆炸,由此聯(lián)想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸藥；explosion: n 爆炸

1). When the bomb______, many people were seriously wounded.
2). The unexpected ________ frightened the little girl.
3). It might be possible to convert _____ energy into heat.

Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive

3. density: n 密度；聯(lián)想產(chǎn)生：dense: a 密度大的，反義詞：sparse;

densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的

1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction.
2). The business area of the city is _____ populated.
3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water.

Answers: dense, densely, density

4. shrink: v 收縮、退縮、縮水

1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a child’s size.
2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.

5. measurement: n 衡量、測(cè)量；

由此聯(lián)想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、測(cè)量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可測(cè)量的

1). We must take _____ to protect our environment.
2). We have come within ______ distance of success.
3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.
4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches but in feet.

Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured

6．implication: n 含義、暗示；imply: v  暗示

7. basis: n 基礎(chǔ)、根據(jù)，

由此可以聯(lián)想得到：base: n 底部；v 以。。。為底，為根據(jù)；basic: a 基礎(chǔ)的，根本的；
basically: ad 根本上來說,

1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid ______.

2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____: two beds, two chairs and tables.

3). The charges are false for they are not ______ on proven facts.

4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the ____ workable one.
Answers: basis, basic, based, basically

8. observatory: n 天文臺(tái)；由此可以聯(lián)想得到：

observe: v 觀察；observation: n 觀察；observer: n 觀察家

9. convincing: a 有說服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有說服力的，常見搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that

1). He gave us a convincing speech.

2). He convinced me f his sincerity.

10. operate: v 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、操作、動(dòng)手術(shù)；operation : n 手術(shù)，操作；operator: 操作者

11. research into對(duì)…進(jìn)行研究

She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.

12. swallow up: 吞沒、耗盡

Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.

13. apply to sb/sth：適用于某人/某事，請(qǐng)對(duì)比：

apply to sb for sth向某人申請(qǐng)某事；apply A to B將A 應(yīng)用于B

1). You should apply what you have learned to your work.

2). I applied to him for a new job.

3). The study method doesn’t apply to everyone.

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Analyze the important sentences among the text

1. Well, it’s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.(p1) 

譯：哦，這個(gè)問題很難回答，因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔＳ脕砻枋鲆环N科學(xué)現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。

句子分析：it是形式主語，to answer this question是句子主語；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon是定語從句，修飾terms; inadequate: 不充分的，不合格的。

2. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape---not even light. (p1)

譯：天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一個(gè)空間區(qū)域，而不是一個(gè)物體，物質(zhì)會(huì)掉進(jìn)黑洞而沒有物體可以從中逃脫出來，即使是光也不行。

句子分析：into which和from which引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)定語從句，介詞：into和fall搭配；from 和escape搭配。這種介詞+which的定語從句的形式請(qǐng)多注意。

3. The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. (p2)

譯：（關(guān)于黑洞形成的）理論就是一些星球的密度增長到某個(gè)特定的點(diǎn)就會(huì)爆炸。
句子分析：這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)句。that用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可省略。其中又包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。to a particular point是達(dá)到某一個(gè)特定的點(diǎn)的含義。

4. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. (p2)

譯：但如果星球很大（比我們的太陽還要大得多），其收縮過程可能很劇烈，以致于產(chǎn)生了黑洞。

句子分析：這是一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，so…that表示如此。。。以致，是結(jié)果狀語從句。
如：I’m so tired that I can even sleep on my way home.

5. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. (p2)

譯：假想一下地球收縮到彈球兒那么大，但仍具有同樣的質(zhì)量和更強(qiáng)的吸引力，你就會(huì)對(duì)黑洞的力量又某種概念。

句子分析：該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為imagine….and you ……事實(shí)上相當(dāng)于if you imagine…, you will have some idea….. 這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)在歷年的考試中曾出現(xiàn)過。請(qǐng)記?。浩硎咕? and + 陳述句= if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如：Hurry up and you can catch the last train!

另外，該句還有兩個(gè)定語成分reduced to the size of a marble和having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull用來修飾the earth.前者為過去分詞，而后者為現(xiàn)在分詞。詞組：

have some idea of sth對(duì)。。。有所了解

6. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. (p3line13--14)

譯：只是近來科學(xué)家才開始對(duì)黑洞進(jìn)行具體的研究。

句子分析：本句的核心結(jié)構(gòu)為it is…that的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語only recently。詞組：research into sth對(duì)。。。進(jìn)行研究。

7. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. (p4)

譯：有關(guān)黑洞最有說服力的證據(jù)來自對(duì)雙星體系的研究。

句子分析：該句主語evidence，謂語comes from；賓語research into binary star systems。
The most convincing是定語，修飾evidence.其中請(qǐng)注意convincing:令人信服的，通常修飾物的形容詞多以-ing結(jié)尾；而修飾人的多以-ed結(jié)尾。如：

I feel excited after hearing the surprising news.

8. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. (p4)

譯：我們所看到的星球的物質(zhì)正在被吸引到伴星去。

句子分析：主語matter; 謂語is being pulled，這是一個(gè)進(jìn)行被動(dòng)語態(tài)；towards the companion star介詞賓語；from the one which we can see定語。

9. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. (p5line4--6)

譯：另一方面，科學(xué)家也提出有一天高科技會(huì)利用黑洞的力量為人類服務(wù)。

句子分析：請(qǐng)注意在本句中suggest不是建議的含義，是指出、指明的意思。advanced高級(jí)的、先進(jìn)的；make use of sth利用。。。，該詞組可以拓展成：make good use of 好好加以利用；make full use of充分加以利用。
 
10. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5)

譯：他們展示給我們一個(gè)不同于我們自己的世界運(yùn)行方式的世界，并對(duì)我們最基本的時(shí)空經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出了質(zhì)疑。

句子分析：這個(gè)句子復(fù)雜在于：從which引導(dǎo)的很長的定語從句，特別注意;operate：v 操作；in a way以某種方式；be different from同。。。不同；question: v 質(zhì)疑，詢問。

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