自考英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料之第四章

Learn new words and phrases

1．statistics: n 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；keep statistics; statistical: a 統(tǒng)計的；statistician: n 統(tǒng)計員

2. diplomat: n 外交家，由此聯(lián)想得到：

diplomacy: n 外交，外交手腕；diplomatic: a 外交的；請對比：diploma: 文憑

3. exploit: v 開發(fā)、開采、剝削，由此聯(lián)想得到：

exploitable: a 可開發(fā)的；exploited: a 被開發(fā)的；exploitation : n

1). The workers in capitalist countries are cruelly exploited by the capitalists.

2). There are laws against the exploitation of child labor.

3). His highly exploitable talent can’t create wealth for society if he doesn’t make great efforts.

4. abuse: v/n 濫用，如: abuse one’s authority 濫用職權(quán)

5. execute: v 實行、執(zhí)行，將。。。處死，由此聯(lián)想得到：

executive: a執(zhí)行的，決策權(quán)的，n 行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo) CEO=chief executive officer首席執(zhí)行官；execution: n 執(zhí)行、實行。

1). You shouldn’t be slow in the _____ of your duties.

2). The soldiers ____ the captain’s orders as soon as they received the call.

3). After the discussion of the ____  committee, the labor law was put into force in may, 1994.

Answers: execution, executed, executive

6. guilt: n 有罪、內(nèi)疚；guilty: a 內(nèi)疚的；guiltless: a 無罪的

7. employee: n 雇員；由此聯(lián)想得到：

employ: v 雇傭；employment: n 雇傭；employed: a 被雇的，有工作的；unemployed: a 失業(yè)的；employer: n 雇主

1). The police ______ force to break up the crowd.

2). Many ____ were thrown out of job as a result.

3). Business activities were greatly reduced and almost 60% of the workers were out of ______.

4). During the Depression, many workers were ______.

Answers: employed, employees, employment, unemployed

8. immigrant: a 移民的，n 移民；immigrate: v ; immigration: n

1). During the gold rush, California attracted many immigrants from other states.

2). Many Italians immigrated to the United States and Canada.

3). In the 1980s, a law against the immigration of Asian peoples was put into practice.

9. deport: v 驅(qū)逐出境，由此聯(lián)想得到：

port: 港口；import:進口；export:出口；airport:空港；passport:通行證，護照

10. be deserving of 值得、應(yīng)得

His efforts are certainly deserving of praise.
 
New words from text B

11. deny : v 否認(rèn)，拒絕接受，后接doing.

He denied lying to us.

12. ineffective: a無效的，反義詞：effective.

13. watch over: 看護、看管。

They use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night.

14. in unison: 一致地，協(xié)調(diào)地

They sang Happy Birthday to me in unison.

15. pay back: 償還，報復(fù)，回報

1). If you lend me 50 Yuan, I will pay you back on Friday.
2). I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.

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Analyze the important sentences among the text:

1. There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (p1)

譯：據(jù)估計，在英國工作的外籍家傭有20000多人。

句子分析：此句為there be句型的變體。該句型是英語中常見句式，稱“存在句”謂語動詞一般由be充當(dāng)，但還可以根據(jù)句意換成其它動詞，如：

1). There are a lot of people in the meeting room.
2). There will be a meeting tomorrow.
3). There used to be a church at the corner of the street.
4). There happened to be an old friend of mine in the hotel.
5). There is sure to rain tomorrow.
6). There stands a bank next to my school.

另外，working in Britain是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾domestic servants。

2. Of these 20000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. (p1)

譯：根據(jù)某個設(shè)在倫敦的幫助在英國工作的國外傭人的活動組織聲稱，在這20000名傭人中又近2000人被他們的雇主剝削和虐待。

句子分析：Of these 20000是狀語，under 2000是數(shù)詞作整個句子主語，are being exploited and abused是現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)做謂語，剩余的是狀語。另外，under是低于。。。不到。。。的意思；---based設(shè)在。。。的，以。。。為基礎(chǔ)的；

3. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or escaping virtually impossible. (p2)

譯：他們的護照可能已被拿走，其實際上既不能離開液或不能逃走。

句子分析：have their passports removed是VOC結(jié)構(gòu)，使have sth done句型的具體使用，表示賓語和動詞之間是被動的關(guān)系，如：Last week I have my computer repaired.

making leaving or escaping virtually impossible是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，其中l(wèi)eaving or escaping是動名詞，做making的賓語。virtually是幾乎的意思，相當(dāng)于almost.

4. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. (p3)

譯：其中一個事例就是關(guān)于一個菲律賓女傭在被判謀殺罪后，在新加坡被處決，盡管各個地區(qū)的人都抗議她的罪行尚未得到充分證實。

句子分析：was executed表被動，after being convicted of murder是時間狀語，請注意：being動名詞，convicted被判罪，被動，詞組：sb is convicted of sth 某人被判有。。。罪。如：

She has twice been convicted of fraud. (她已經(jīng)兩次被判犯有詐騙罪。)

despite盡管，是介詞，因此其后只能跟名詞，而不能接句子。Protests是抗議的意思，

that her guilt had not been adequately established是Protests的同位語從句，具體解釋Protests的內(nèi)容。from various quarters= from various places.

5. I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount. (p4)

譯：我本應(yīng)該得到120英鎊的報酬，但我從未得到那個數(shù)目。

句子分析：詞組be supposed to do sth應(yīng)該做某事，如：You are supposed to get there as early as possible.

be paid …被支付。。。錢。
He is paid 1000yuan for finishing such a task.

6. At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers. (p7)

譯：1994年年底，英國政府引進新的措施來保護家傭們，使其免受雇主的虐待。

句子分析：At the end of 1994時間狀語，the British Government主語，introduced謂語，
new measures賓語，to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers是不定式做目的狀語。詞組：protect sb from sth保護。。。使之遠(yuǎn)離。。。
Each parent should protect their child from TV violence.

7. So if they do complain, they risk being deported. (p8)

譯：所以，如果他們真的抱怨的話，就會冒著被驅(qū)逐出境的風(fēng)險。

句子分析：do complain:是謂語動詞的強調(diào)形式，意思：的確抱怨道的話。。。。前面我們曾經(jīng)見過it is/was… that/who…的強調(diào)句型，它不能用來強調(diào)謂語，只能強調(diào)主語、賓語和狀語，而要想強調(diào)謂語，只能借助于助動詞do, does, did.

For example:
1). I do love you!
2). He does study very hard.
3). I did meet Bill Gates last week.

8. Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for. (p9)

譯：給予那些愿意做同類工作但是想更換雇主的家傭們這種自由，這正是國際反奴役組織這樣的團體向政府爭取的。

句子分析：Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer是動名詞短語作主語，其中to seek the same type of work but with a different employer是不定式作定語修飾the freedom，謂語是is, 后面的what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for是表語從句。if they so choose是條件狀語從句，做插入語。

9. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. (p9)

譯：他們說，就是更換雇主的權(quán)利才能把雇傭同奴役區(qū)別開來。

句子分析：該句的主要形式是it is…引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句。強調(diào)句子的主語the right to change employers. they say 是插入語。詞組：distinguish A from B將A 同B區(qū)分開。
The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.

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