自考英語(yǔ)(一)復(fù)習(xí)資料第五章

Text A Fallacies about Food

　　本課主要單詞

　　1. fallacy n. 謬誤；謬論；錯(cuò)誤的推理或信念
　　That the earth is flat used to be a popular fallacy.（地球是扁平的這一謬誤曾一度很流行。）
　　Needless to say， this statement is based on fallacy.（不用說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)基于謬誤推理的陳述。）

　　2. quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)，特性　adj. 優(yōu)質(zhì)的，高級(jí)的
　　He is a man of many good qualities.（他具有許多優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。）
　　The quality of your products is superior to that of ours.（你們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比我們的好。）
　　You have no reason to deprive me of the right to a quality education.
　?。銢](méi)有理由剝奪我受良好教育的權(quán)利。）
　　qualify v. 使合適，使勝任
　　I am not very sure if he is qualified for the job.（我不很肯定他是否勝任這份工作。）
　　His skills qualify him for the job.（他的技藝使他有資格擔(dān)任這一工作。）
　　qualified adj. 有資格的；稱職的
　　He is trying hard to make himself a qualified teacher.（他在努力使自己成為一個(gè)稱職的教師。）

　　3. savage adj. 野蠻的，未開化的；兇猛的，殘酷的　n.野蠻人，粗野的人
　　Most of the time elephants are tame but they can be very savage.
　?。ù蠖鄶?shù)時(shí)候大象很溫順，但他們也會(huì)大發(fā)野性。）
　　No one can put up with his savage manners.（誰(shuí)也忍受不了他的粗暴態(tài)度。）

　　4. tribe n. 種族，部落；（動(dòng)植物）族，類
　　This attitude still remains in some primitive tribes.（這種觀念在一些原始部落中依然存在。）

　　5. bravery n. 勇敢，大膽　brave adj. 勇敢的 　v.冒（危險(xiǎn)等）；敢于做（某事）
　　　He made a brave attempt to prevent the group fighting.（他勇敢地試圖阻止群毆。）
　　They braved all the dangers and difficulties in completing their work.
　　（他們冒著各種危險(xiǎn)和困難完成了任務(wù)。）

　　6. eager adj. 熱切的，渴望的
　　be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
　　be eager for/about sth. 渴求某事
　　eager beaver 做事異常賣力的人；雄心勃勃的人
　　The teacher found all the students were eager to express their opinions.
　?。ɡ蠋煱l(fā)現(xiàn)所有的學(xué)生都渴望表述自己的觀點(diǎn)。）
　　I am eager for the performance to begin.（我熱切地等待著演出的開始。）

　　7. civilized adj. 文明的，開化的
　　civilization n. 文明，文化

　　8. root n. 根；根本，根源；　v. （使）生根，（使）扎根
　　She flushed to the root of her hair.（她羞得滿臉通紅。）
　　He sat there rooted like a statue.（他像一尊雕塑一樣一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐在那兒。）

　　9. magic n. 魔法，魔力；魔術(shù)
　　magical adj. 有魔力的；神秘的
　　magician n. 魔術(shù)師；巫師
　　The prince was turned by magic into a beast.（王子被魔法變成了一只野獸。）
　　The magic of music is beyond words.（音樂(lè)的魅力無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)形容。）
　　He used to believe that the old lady had magical powers.（他曾以為那個(gè)老太太有魔力。
　　（注意：magic也可以做形容詞用，詞義和magical一樣。但是magic通常只能做定語(yǔ)用，而magical既可做定語(yǔ)用也可做表語(yǔ)用。）

　　10. poisonous adj. 有毒的
　　poison n.& v. 毒藥；中毒，毒死；破壞

　　11. overseas adv. 在海外，在國(guó)外 　adj. 海外的，國(guó)外的
　　He said he would travel overseas if he had a long holiday.（他說(shuō)如果有長(zhǎng)假，他就去國(guó)外旅游。）
　　There is a vast overseas market for our goods.（我們的產(chǎn)品有廣闊的海外市場(chǎng)。）

    12. widespread adj. 分布廣的，普遍的 
　　Pollution problem is now attracting widespread attention.（污染問(wèn)題正引起廣泛關(guān)注。）

　　13. digestive adj. 消化的，有消化力的
　　digest v. 消化；領(lǐng)會(huì)
　　digestion n. 消化；領(lǐng)悟
　　indigestible adj. 難理解的；難消化的
　　It will be very helpful for you to digest the important points in the book.
　?。I(lǐng)會(huì)這本書中的要點(diǎn)將會(huì)對(duì)你很有幫助。）

　　14. foundation n. 根據(jù)；基金會(huì)；基地
　　The early training gave her a very firm foundation.（早期的訓(xùn)練給她打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。）
　　In fact the rumor is without foundation.（事實(shí)上，這個(gè)謠傳沒(méi)有根據(jù)。）

　　15. belief n. 相信；信念
　　believe v. 相信；認(rèn)為
　　It is his belief that he will succeed sooner or later.（他相信他遲早會(huì)成功。）
　　What he told me just now is really beyond my belief.（他剛才對(duì)我說(shuō)的話令我難以置信。）

　　16. combination n. 結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；化合物
　　combine v. 結(jié)合，聯(lián)合
　　　The football players showed good combination.（足球隊(duì)員們配合默契。）
　　It will do us a lot of good if we can combine theory with practice.
　?。ㄈ绻牙碚摵蛯?shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái)將對(duì)我們大有好處。）

　　17.chiefly adv. 主要地
　　chief n. 首領(lǐng)；長(zhǎng)官  　adj. 主要的
　　I think this will become the chief concern of the world today.
　?。ㄎ艺J(rèn)為這將成為當(dāng)今世界的首要關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。）
　　the editor in chief 總編　　　　　the chief engineer 總工程師
　　chief executive 最高行政長(zhǎng)官　　chief justice 首席法官
　　chief of staff 參謀長(zhǎng)　　　　　　chief of state 國(guó)家元首

　　18. contain v. 包含；容納；克制
　　This mini-bus can contain 18 passengers.（這輛面包車可乘坐18人。）
　　How much water can this water tank contain？（這只水箱能裝多少水？）
　　He cannot contain himself for the joy.（他高興得不能自制。）

　　本課主要構(gòu)詞法

　　affixation 詞綴法
　　1.名詞后綴 -ity           quality
　　2.名詞后綴 -ation；-ion；     combination， civilization， foundation， digestion
　　3.名詞后綴 -ture          mixture
　　4.形容詞后綴 -ous        poisonous
　　5.形容詞后綴 -ible      indigestible
　　6.形容詞后綴 -ful       helpful， powerful
　　7.副詞前綴 over-         overseas
　　compounding 合詞法
　　復(fù)合形容詞     widespread； man-eating；

    本課簡(jiǎn)介

　　本課主要介紹了由古至今人們對(duì)飲食的看法。遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)候，人們認(rèn)為吃什么補(bǔ)什么。文明社會(huì)的人們則一度認(rèn)為人參的根，雞蛋，西紅柿有各自不同的神奇功用。今天，人們認(rèn)為魚有強(qiáng)身，健腦，壯骨，美膚等作用，還認(rèn)為飲食方面有諸多禁忌。如此種種的說(shuō)法是否有道理，本課課文會(huì)給你一個(gè)答案。

　　本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

　　本句中that 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句在前幾個(gè)單元中我們已有了比較多的了解。掌握賓語(yǔ)從句并不困難。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　1） He says that friendship is very important to him.（他說(shuō)友誼對(duì)他很重要。）
  2） Can you tell me where the bookstore is？（你能告訴我書店在哪兒?jiǎn)?？?BR>　3） I don't know whether the letter is overweight.（我不知道這封信是否超重。）

　　by 后面跟動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示某人做了某件事，并通過(guò)這件事產(chǎn)生了某個(gè)結(jié)果。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　  They made a living by selling newspapers.（他們通過(guò)賣報(bào)謀生。）

　　2. They thought that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.

　　本句中that同樣是引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)eating deer做主語(yǔ)。
　　make sb. do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。make 后面的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省去，但是用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要用to，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
　　1） The boss made them work from morning till night.（老板使他們從早到晚地干活。）
　　2） She was made to finish the book in two days （by her father）。（父親讓她兩天把書看完。）

　  3. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.
　　本句中的第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的又是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而后一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾enemies
　　本句中them brave 是make 的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
　　1） Don't wait for him. He will make us late.（別等他了，他會(huì)使我們遲到的。）
　　2） He was afraid that the story would make things worse.（他擔(dān)心那個(gè)故事會(huì)使事情更糟。）
　　3） I didn't know that the news had been made public.（我不知道這個(gè)消息已經(jīng)公開了。）

　　4. It was once thought …
　　Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty.
　　Tomatoes were believed to have magical powers
　　They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.
　　上面的這些句子全部用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
　　suppose 是一個(gè)常用詞，請(qǐng)注意掌握。

　　1） I suppose it was reasonable for him to want his money back.（我看他想要回他的錢是合理的。）
　　2） I am not supposed to talk to you about this.（我不能和你談這個(gè)。）
　  3） Suppose / Supposing something should go wrong， what would you do？（如果有了什么差錯(cuò)，你怎么辦？）

　　5. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during WWII.

　　“how surprised the people would be”是主句，這是一個(gè)感嘆句；who 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾people；if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　感嘆句通常用what 或how 引起。what 用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞，how 修飾一個(gè)形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞。

　　本句中that 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句

　　7. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea.
　　substitute for 是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“代替，代用品”；substitute也可以做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“替代”。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1） Don't you think it a good idea to use plastic as a substitute for wood？
　?。阌X得用塑料做木材的代用品是個(gè)好主意嗎？）
　　2） Daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.（白日夢(mèng)不能取代辛勤的努力。）
　　8. Many people think of bread as a carbohydrate food.
　　think of … as是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法，意思是“把…看作是…”，“認(rèn)為…是…”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
　　1） People think of him as a hero.（人們把他看作英雄。）
　　與think of …as 意思相近的習(xí)慣用法還有regard …as；consider…as；look upon…as；view…as；see …as 等等。

　　本課主要詞組

　　1. be eager to　　　　　　　　　2. be supposed to
　　3. fall in love　　　　　　　　　 4. grow up
　　5. be supplied to　　　　　　　　6. substitute for
　　7. have sth. to do with　　　　　　8. at the meal
　　9. as a matter of fact　　　　　　 10. think of …as…
　　11. in the same way

　　本課主要句型

　　賓語(yǔ)從句

　　1. Many people believe that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
　　2. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.
　　3. Some savage tribes believe that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave

　  表語(yǔ)從句

　　1. One idea was that fish is the best brain food.
　　2. Another idea is that you should not drink water with meals.
　　3. The reason was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.
　　4. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream …for a poisonous combination.
　　5. Still another idea is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal.

　　感嘆句

　　1. How surprised that people…would be …。

　　形容詞，副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

　　1. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as deer.
　　2. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.
　　3. One such idea is that fish is the best brain food.
　　4. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin and bone food.
　　5. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
　　6. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.
　　Text B  Do Animals Think？

　　短語(yǔ)表達(dá)

　　1. a great deal
　　We learned a great deal from her.
　　2. be like
　　Look at the little boy， he is so much like his father.
　　3. have time for
　　Don't worry， we will have enough time for discussion.
　　4. engage in
　　It is not appropriate for a former president to engage in commerce.
　　5. take care of
　　She took care of her little brother while mother was away.
　　6. in some / many respects
　　in one / this respect
　　He is different from the people around him in many respects.
　　We are lagging behind at least in one respect.
　　7. except
　　8. connect with
　　Good health is connected with diet.
　　9. make improvement in
　　10. by instinct
　　Birds build their nests by instinct.
　　11. speak of
　　Professor Blake always speaks highly of his assistant.
　　Did he speak of the serious earthquake that struck Taiwan last week？
　　12. let out
　　13. as if
　　He looked at me as if I were mad.
　　14. have one's wits about one〔機(jī)警，保持警覺〕
　　In this part of the city you have to have your wits about you all the time.
　　He felt it unnecessary to have his wits about him on such a friendly occasion.
　　15. a variety of
　　Don't bother him， he has a variety of duties to perform.
　　The college library has a wide variety of books.
　　16. difference between
　　Will you please tell me the difference between the two countries？
　

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