2002年職稱英語考試綜合類(B級(jí))真題

 　　第1部分：詞當(dāng)匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分） 

　　下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　1 The nursery is bright and cheerful．

　　A pleasant    B colorful

　　C  fashionable      D different

　　2 He is but a child．

　　A probably    B not

　　C  only      D hardly

　　3 The price of vegetables varies according to the weather．

　　A jumps    B rises

　　C  falls    D  changes

　　4 Did you do that to irritate her?

　　A  tease    B  attract

　　C  annoy    D  protect

　　5 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.

　　A  offered    B  rented

　　C provided        D sold

　　6 A ship was reported to be in distress a few miles out at sea.

　　A disorder        B  formation

　　C  service    D  danger

　　7 You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully．

　　A  invent    B begin

　　C  develop    D  initiate

　　8 Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence.

　　A Split    B Combine

　　C  Break    D Divide

　　9 His hand writing is flowing and graceful.

　　A pleasing    B formal

　　C  informal    D  flowery

　　10 The sisters can't tolerate each other．

　　A  bear    B  hate

　　C  like        D  criticize

　　11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.

　　A  pullout    B  repair

　　C  take    D  dig

　　12 The Child's abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.

　　A  funny    B  eightening

　　C  repeated    D unusual

　　13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.

　　A in    B around

　　C from   D before

　　14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.

　　A sufficiently     B noticeably

　　C intentionally    D absolutely

　　15 Foreign money can be comverted into the local currency at this bank.

　　A altered    B changed

　　C bought    D sold

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷   （第16~ 22題，每題1分，共7分）

　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A 涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。

　　Norwich

　　Norwich，the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia，has been in existence for more than two thousand years．It began as a small village beside the Rivet．Wensum．At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown．to become one of the 1argest towns in England．

　　With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺)，Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions．The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary,while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in l 994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter．This allowed it to be called a city and to govem itself independently．

　　Today,in comparison with places like London or Manchester,Norwich is quite small,with a population of around 150，000．but in the l6th century Norwich was the second largest city of England．It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer,becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as there are days in the year．

　　Nowadays．there are far fewer churches and pubs．but in l964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich．with its fast．growing student population and its success as a modem eommercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London)．the city now has a wide chcIice of entertainment：theatres，cinemas，nightclubs，busy cafes，excellent

　　restaurants，and a number of arts aiad leisure centrgs．There is also a football team，whose colours are green and yellow．The team is known as"The Canaries(金絲雀)"，though nobody call be sure why．

　　Now the city's attractions include another important development，a modem shopping center called'The Castle Mall'．The people of Norwich lived with a very 1arge hole in the middle of their for over two years，as builders dug up the main car park．Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the Mall could become a city centre park．with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees．But the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains．right in the heart of the city and next to the new development . Both areas continue to do good business．proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new．

　　16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich．

　　A Right  B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years．

　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built

　　A Right  B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities．

　　A Right  B Wrong    C Notmentioned

　　20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1 964．

　　A．Right  B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　21 The football team is called"The Canaries"because of the colours the players wear．

　　A Right  B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　22 It took more than two years to build"The Castle Mall".

　　A Right  B Wrong    C Not mentioned
 
    第3部分：概括大意與完成句子  (第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
 
　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　Messages from the Media

　　1．The weather forecast，a story about the candidates in an election，and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media．A communication medium，of which the plural(復(fù)數(shù)的)form is media，is a means of communicating a message．Examples of media are television，radio，newspapers and books and the telephone．The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media．

　　2．  It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media．Every day we get hundreds of them．Think about advertisements，for example．We see and heat these messages almost everywhere we go．Advertisements are important messages，even though they are sometimes annoying．They help us compare and evaluate products．

　　3．  Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom．Think,for a moment，about how you leam about local news and events．Do you depend on other people or the media?What about intemational news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,"Television．"

　　4．Think of all the messages you received today．Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast，or maybe you read advertisements on billboards(露天廣告牌)on your way．to schoo1．Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning?Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication-a book.

　　5．We use the information we get from radio，television，newspapers，and other media to make decisions and form opinions．That is why the mass media are so important.Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote，consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money,and international news on the radio makes US think and form opinions about questions of war and peace．

　　23 Paragraph 2

　　24 Paragraph 3

　　25 Paragraph 4

　　26 Paragraph 5

　　A lmportance of Classroom Learning

　　B Television-A Rich Source of Information

　　C Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass Media

　　D Various Messages One May Receive Each Day

　　E Media――Means to Communicate Messages

　　F lmportance of the Mass Media

　　27 Each day we get a lot ofmessages from           .

　　28 Television，radio and books are all important media of        .

　　29 For most people television is the most important         .

　　30 The mass media are important to US because they shape        .

　　A sports news

　　B our decisions and opinions

　　C mass communication

　　D our messages

　　E source of information

　　F the mass media

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　第一篇     A Thirsty World

　　The world is not only hungry,it is also thirsty for water．This may seem strange to you，since nearly 75％of the earth's surface is covered with water．But about 97％of this huge amount is sea．water,or salt water．Man can only drink and use the other 3％一the fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，underground，and other sources．And we cannot even use all of that，because some of it is in the form of icebergs(冰山)and glaciers(冰川)．Even worse，some of it has been polluted．

　　At the moment，this small amount of flesh water is still enough for us：However，our need for water is increasing rapidly．Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on．A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry．

　　In addition to stopping wasting our precious water,one useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it．Experiments have already been done in this field，but only on a small scale．

　　Today,in most large cities．water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks．But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying(凈化)plant．There it can be filtered(過濾)and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring．

　　But even if every large city purified and reused its water,we still would not have enough．Where could we turn next?To the oceans!A11 we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea．water is-remove the salt．This salt．removing process is already in use in many parts of the world．

　　So if we take all these steps，we'11 be in no danger of drying up!

　　31 The phrase "the world"in the first line of the passage refers to

　　A  "man"．

　　B  "you"．

　　C  "woman"．

　　D  "they"．

　　32 What percentage of the earth's water can mall actually use at present?

　　A  Nearly 75 per cent．

　　B  About 97 per cent．

　　C  Exactly 3 per cent．

　　D  Lessthan 3 per cent．

　　33 According to the passage，we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future by

　　A  increasing rainfall．

　　B  reusing water and utilizing sea-water．

　　C  cutting down our consumption of water．

　　D  reducing the number of factories producing steel．

　　34 Which of the following statements，according to the passage，is NOT true?

　　A  A limited water supply will affect industrial production．

　　B  Every large city purifies and reuses its water．

　　C  Purified water is not exactly as fresh as spring water．

　　D  Oceans are the largest water source．

　　35 According to the passage，sea-water can be turned into fresh water by

　　A heating it up．

　　B treating it with chemicals．

　　C taking salt out of it．

　　D drying it up．

    第二篇  Life in the Universe
 
　　Many scientists today are convinced that 1ire exists elsewhere in the universe-life probably much like that on our own planet．They reason in the following way．

　　As far as astronomers(天文學(xué)家)can determine，the entire universe is built of the same matter．They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe；Therefore，it is reasonable to guess that other stars，with their own planets，were bom in， the salne way as our own solar system．What we know of lire on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist．

　　Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere．This eliminates all those planets ill the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth．A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere；a larger one would hold too much of it．

　　Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light．This eliminates double stars．or stars that flare up(閃耀)suddenly．Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify．

　　Finally,life could evolve only if the planet is iust the right distance from its sun．With a weaker sun than our own，the planet would have to be closer to it．With a stronger sun，it would have to be farther away．

　　If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets，then how many planets might support life?First，eliminate those stars that are not 1ike our sun．Next，eliminate most of their planets；they are either too far from or too close to their suns．Ttmn eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth．Finally,remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet．It may not have begun yet，or it may have already died out．

　　This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found．However,even if life could exist on only one planet in a million．there are so many billions of planets that this would stillIeave a vast number on which life could exist．

　　36 Astronomers belmve that matter in different parts of the universe

　　A  obeys different laws．

　　B  obeys one common law．

　　C  obeys the same laws．

　　D  obeys no common law．

　　37 The passage mentions all of the following factors for the existence of life EXCEPT

　　A  the fight amount of atmosphere．

　　B  a steady supply of water．

　　C  steady heat and light．

　　D  the fight distance from the sun．

　　38 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

　　A  Astronomers believe that the universe is built of the same matter．

　　B  Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life．

　　C  Double stars can provide steady light and heat．

　　D  Astronomers believe that other solar systems are similar in structure to ours．

　　39 What kind of planet elsewhere in the universe can support life?

　　A Those double stars'planets．

　　B Those planets much hotter than our earth．

　　C Those planets similar to the earth．

　　D Those planets very close to their suns．

　　40 At the end of the passage the author suggests that

　　A  it is impossible for life to exist on other planets

　　B  earthlike life could only exist on a few planets．

　　C  life could exist on only one planet in a million．

　　D  life could exist on a great number of planets．

　　第三篇       Valuing Childhood

　　The value of childhood is easily blurred(變得模糊不清)in today world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro,Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys,7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．

　　Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet, as 1egal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one．boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts．though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently 1ack any inner,moral restraint?

　　That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids．

　　Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted(扭曲)by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done．children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults．not if a peopie wants to consider itself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point．

　　But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources . Family instability(不穩(wěn)定)contributes．So does economic stress．That void，however,can be filled．The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?

　　Schools，too，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do law enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．

　　The goal,ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to．a(chǎn)dulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement am less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human society relies on．

　　41 The two boys in Chicago were

　　A  shot．

　　B  murdered．

　　C  accused．

　　D  sentenced．

　　42 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of

　　A  right and wrong．

　　B discipline．

　　C  sharne．

　　D  safety．

　　43 According to politicians，when children comm．it crimes，they should be tmated in the same way as

　　A  murderers．

　　B  criminals．

　　C  victims．

　　D  adults．

　　44 Which ofthe following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?

　　A  Official corruption．

　　B  Social injustice．

　　C  Family instability．

　　D  Racial discrimination

　　45 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?

　　A  Parents should strengthen moral instruction．

　　B  Schools should help create a moral sense in children．

　　C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws．

　　D  Youth organizations play no role in building character

    第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文  (第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

　　閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　How to Do Well in Exams

　　Do not underestimate(低估)the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination．The closer you are to the exam，the more chance you have of storing and retaining cmciai information．But do not overdo it．      (46)An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period，so in the days leading up to your first exam．get into the habit of being up and ready to work by game．It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it．

　　On the day of the exam，have a good breakfast，pack two of everything you need(pens， pencils，erasers，etc．)，then make your way to the examination hall in good time         (47)

　　Once in your seat，simply pause for a few seconds and colle．ct your thoughts．Close your eyes and take in a few slow,deep breaths to help you relax．When you turn over the test paper，spend a short period reading through all the instructions and questions，paying particular attention to key verbs such as"discuss"．"compare"and"evaluate"．        (48)It is always wise to

　　allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers．Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle，begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest．It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper．Also remember to write clearly,and do not be afraid to express the unexpected：after all，examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical(千篇一律的)answers．

　　（49）If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts，choose a fixture(固定設(shè)施)in the room，such as the ceiling一or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted．

　　Finally，once you have finished，never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students．           (50)

　　A Do not arrive too early，though，as other people's anxiety can be contagious(傳染性的)，and you may suffer from undue panic．

　　B  Try not to be tempted to look at those around you,or at the clock.

　　C  When you get home，read the examination paper through and look up all the words you didn't understand．

　　D  Sleep，exercise and relaxation are all just as important．

　　E  Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how much time you should spend on each question．

　　F  Go and have a well-eamed rest-then prepare for your next exam．

　　第6部分：完形填空  (第51~65題，每題1分，共15分)

　　閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　The Central Problem of Economies

　　The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

　　The problem we are faced with is that our resources．here identified as money,are      (51)．The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices．After looking at our resources，we must examine our list of immediately,those we can postpone，and      (52)and identify the things we need        (53)we cannot afford．As individuals，we face the central problem involved in economics-deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest          (54)of our wants．

　　Nations face the same problem. As a country's population      (55)，the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly．Resources necessary to production may increase，but there are       (56)enough resources to sarisfy the total desires of a nation．Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room，in the conference room of the corporation               （57）of directors，or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Wadington,the basic problem still exists. We needto find       (58) of allocating (分配)limited resources in order to sarisfy unlimited wants.

　　A short time ago economists divided goods into two categories，free and economic．The former,like air and water,were in      (59)abundance that economists had no concern for them．After all，economics is the．Today many of these"free goods"are       (60)of scarcity(匱乏)and what to do about it．      (61)very expensive to use．Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products，for consumers who ultimately(最終)pay for the producers'extra costs，and      （62） taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the enviromnent：

　　In the 1990s，almost all goods are         (63)．Only by effort andmoney cantheybe         (64)in the form people wish．

　　Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available lcads to the basic activity of production．In trying to       (65)unlimited wants from limited economic goods，production leads to new problems in economics．

　　51 A limited    B unlimited    C  exhausted   D abundant

　　52 A concepts    B supplies    C  wants    D resources

　　53 A those    B some    C  others     D many

　　54 A expresmon    B description    C  sarisfaction  D limitation

　　55 A climbs    B extends    C  grows    D raises

　　56 A always    B sometimes    C  often   D never

　　57 A management    B function    C  board    D company

　　58 A necessities    B possibilities    C  needs   D methods

　　59 A so       B great      C  such     D such an

　　60 A form      B study      C  means    D source

　　61 A intime      B in practice    C  in reality    D in turn

　　62 A then        B also     C  for      D with

　　63 A plentiful    B scarce       C poor     D enough

　　64 A accepted    B obtained     C  ofrered  D discovered

　　65 A create    B depress    C  restrain    D meet