職稱英語衛(wèi)生C類環(huán)球網(wǎng)校精講班資料(1)

    閱讀理解

    Need for Emphasis on Treatment

    AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.

    An estimated 36 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.

    “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.

    WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

    “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.

    “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added.

    Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $ 10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $ 150.

    Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.

    Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.

    Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

    1． Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?
    A. they put too little emphasis on treatment.
    B. They are not receiving any treatment.
    C. They refuse to be treated
    D. They live longer than those in developed countries.

    2. The WHO publishes its World Health Report
    A. once every two years
    B. once a decade
    C. once a year
    D. twice a year

    3. According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is
    A. a matter of great significance
    B. a matter of little significance
    C. overemphasized
    D. timely

    4. AIDS treatment programs may also result in..
    A. better drugs
    B. lower yearly cost
    C. more effective prevention
    D. greater emphasis on treatment

    5. How many people have died of AIDS so far?
    A. 36 million
    B.46 million
    C. Around 440,000
    D. More than 20 million

    答案與解析：

    1． 文章標(biāo)題分析：Need for (需要…)emphasis on (強(qiáng)調(diào)/ 加強(qiáng))treatment（治療）
文章標(biāo)題內(nèi)容為“需要加強(qiáng)治療”。根據(jù)標(biāo)題內(nèi)容判斷， 文章應(yīng)該為論述文。 但從標(biāo)題中不能得知需要對什么疾病或什么病人加強(qiáng)治療， 因此參看文章開頭的句子：

    AIDS（艾滋?。?programs（計劃， 節(jié)目， 編程序） in developing countries （發(fā)展中國家）put too little（很少的，短暫的） emphasis on（把重點(diǎn)放在...） treatment, the World Health Organization(世界健康組織) said Tuesday（星期二）, asking for（要求） more small（小的） community-based（建立在社區(qū)的） clinics（診所） to be opened to（開放） treat（治療） HIV-infected（感染了HIV病毒的） people.

    文章第一句說“世界健康組織指出發(fā)展中國家的艾滋病計劃沒有把重點(diǎn)放在艾滋病的治療上，要求開放社區(qū)證所收治感染了HIV病毒的病人”。這是一個反映權(quán)威觀點(diǎn)的句子， 并且作為文章第一句出現(xiàn)， 因此很可能就是文章主題句。在文章中AIDS反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，因此AIDS是文章主題詞，結(jié)合文章標(biāo)題綜合判斷文章主題內(nèi)容為“需要在發(fā)展中國家加強(qiáng)艾滋病的治療”。

    An estimated 36 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.

    “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the  WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.

    WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

    “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.

    “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added.

    Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $ 10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $ 150.

    Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.

    Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.

    Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

    2. 直接解題：

    1 Which is true（真實的， 真正的） of many（許多的） AIDS sufferers（患者, 受害者） in developing countries?

    A  they put too little emphasis on treatment.
    B  They are not receiving（接收， 受到， 收到，接見） any treatment.
    C  They refuse to （拒絕）be treated
    D  They live（活著， 居?。?longer than （比...更長時間）those in developed countries（發(fā)達(dá)國家）.

    B． 解析：問題問“有關(guān)發(fā)展中國家的許多艾滋病患者，下列哪種說法是正確的？”。借助文章主題（需要在發(fā)展中國家加強(qiáng)艾滋病的治療）和文章第一句的內(nèi)容排出A（文章第一句指出“艾滋病計劃沒有把重點(diǎn)放在艾滋病的治療上”， 而不是“艾滋病患者沒有把重點(diǎn)放在艾滋病的治療上”），排出C和D（從常理來說沒有足夠治療的人肯定沒有接受治療的人活得長久； 文章主題與AIDS患者對待治療的態(tài)度無關(guān)）， 因此判斷B 是答案。

    解題思路2：借助題干中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)developing countries作為答案線索（提示： 題干中出現(xiàn)的特征詞（人名， 地名，組織機(jī)構(gòu)名， 報刊名，書名， 數(shù)字， 時間）和細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（時間狀語， 地點(diǎn)狀語等）常?？捎米鳛榇鸢妇€索， 在文章中快速定位答案相關(guān)句），在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：

    （第2段）An estimated（估計的） 36 million people are living（生存，活著） with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa（非洲）, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving（接受） treatment（治療） by the end of （到…為止）2003, the UN health agency(機(jī)構(gòu), 代理處) said in its annual(每年的) report(報告).

    該句說“聯(lián)合國健康機(jī)構(gòu)在它的年度報告中說估計有3600萬人患有 AIDS， 其中2/3的患者在非洲， 但是到2003年底為止在發(fā)展中國家里只有44萬人接受了治療”。 由此可見在發(fā)展中國家里絕大多數(shù)的AIDS患者沒有得到治療。

    考點(diǎn)： 針對文章中重要的細(xì)節(jié)信息出題， 考察考生歸納總結(jié)能力。  (環(huán)球網(wǎng)校獨(dú)家資料,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處)

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    2. The WHO（世界健康組織） publishes（公布， 出版） its World Health Report
    A. once（一次） every（每） two years
    B. once a decade（十年）
    C. once a year
    D. twice（兩次） a year

    C． 解析： 問題問“世界健康組織什么時候公布世界健康報告？”。利用題干中的特征詞WHO 和World Health Report作為答案線索, 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句:

    (第三段)“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the  WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.

    但是該句并沒有涉及到“世界健康報告”的出版時間， 因此關(guān)注該句的前后句， 該句的前一句中出現(xiàn)了與被選項C相關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)annual report(每年的報告)， 因此關(guān)注該句：

    (第二段)An estimated 36 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency (指第一段中的World Health Organization)said in its annual report.

    (第一段)AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.

    第2段中的the UN health agency指代第1段中的世界健康組織, 因此判斷該段中提到的報告, 就是問題句中提到的世界健康報告, 第2段說“世界健康組織每年公布報告”， 因此判斷C（每年一次）是答案。

    考點(diǎn)： 考察定冠詞結(jié)構(gòu)的指代內(nèi)容。
    詞匯補(bǔ)充：

    Once adv. 一次，從前； 曾經(jīng)， conj. 一旦；一…就…
    e.g. I go to see a film once a week.
    e.g. "Attention please, I'll repeat the question once more."
    e.g. She once knew him.
    e.g.Do it at once. （馬上，立刻）
    e.g.Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman.（從前）
    e.g. Once（it is） printed, this dictionary will be very popular!

    3. According to（根據(jù)） Lee, our response to （對…的反應(yīng)）the AIDS disease(疾病) is
    A. a matter of (是…的問題)great(大的, 偉大的) significance(意義)
    B. a matter of little significance
    C. overemphasized(過分強(qiáng)調(diào)的)
    D. timely(及時的)

    A． 解析： 問題問“根據(jù)Lee的看法, 我們對AIDS病的反應(yīng)是…” 。 選項A和B是正反項,選項A和B成為答案的可能性較大。 利用題干中的特征詞Lee作為答案線索, 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句:

    （第4段）WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

    “Future（未來的， 未來） generations（一代人， 產(chǎn)生） will judge（判斷， 審理） our time（時代） in large part （在很大程度上）by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.

    第5段的句子說“我們的后代對我們這個時代的評價在很大程度上取決于我們對AIDS的反應(yīng)”， 據(jù)此判斷“我們對AIDS 疾病的反應(yīng)很重要， 有很大的意義”， 因此A是答案。

    4. AIDS treatment programs（計劃，節(jié)目） may also result in（導(dǎo)致）..
    A. better drugs（藥品）
    B. lower（較低的） yearly（每年的） cost（費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)）金錢，使失去（生命、健康等）
    C. more effective（有效的） prevention（預(yù)防， 防止）
    D. greater emphasis on （對…更重視）treatment（治療）

    C. 解析：問題句說“AIDS的治療計劃可能會導(dǎo)致…”, 利用題干中的細(xì)節(jié)信息AIDS treatment programs作為答案線索， 在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：

    (第8段)Treatment programs also help （幫助）AIDS prevention efforts（工作，努力， 成就）, the report said, citing（引證， 引用） great demands for （對…的需求）testing（測試） and counseling（咨詢） where（...的地方） treatment has been made available（可得到的， 可利用的）.

    Good counseling(咨詢服務(wù))  in turn （依次，輪流）leads to （導(dǎo)致）more effective prevention in those who are uninfected（沒有被感染的）, and significantly（顯著得， 意味深長地） reduces（減少） the potential（可能性， 潛力，潛能） for HIV carriers（病毒攜帶者） to pass on （傳遞）the infection（傳染）, the report said.
解題思路1―“避重就輕”： 第8段中出現(xiàn)了線索結(jié)構(gòu)（AIDS treatment programs）， 該答案相關(guān)句涉及到的單詞和短語較多，但是該句中提到了選項C中的核心詞（prevention）, 接下來的句子中繼續(xù)提到了“艾滋病的預(yù)防”，由此可見“愛滋病的預(yù)防”是文章結(jié)尾部分的一個重點(diǎn)（提示：文章中主要觀點(diǎn)， 主要細(xì)節(jié)信息都往往是考查之處），也因此進(jìn)一步判斷C就是答案。
解題思路2：第8段中出現(xiàn)了線索結(jié)構(gòu)（AIDS treatment programs）， 該句說“報告提到了在能夠進(jìn)行AIDS病治療的地方人們對AIDS病的檢測和咨詢有很大的需求， 從而證明AIDS病的治療計劃也能有助于AIDS病的預(yù)防”， 該句內(nèi)容與C 一致，因此C 是答案。

    5. How many （有多少…）people have died of（死于…） AIDS so far(到目前為止) ?
    A. 36 million(百萬)
    B.46 million
    C. Around（大約） 440,000
    D. More than （在…之上）20 million

    D． 問題問“到目前為止有多少人死于AIDS？”被選項都是特征詞--數(shù)字， 因此重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章中出現(xiàn)的人數(shù)， 這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：

    AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.

    An estimated 36 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.

    “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the  WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.

    WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

    “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.

    “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added.

    Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $ 10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $ 150.

    Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.

    Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.

    Since（自從） its discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)） in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly（主要地，大部分地） in poor（貧窮的） countries.
文章最后一短提到“自從20世紀(jì)80年代艾滋病被發(fā)現(xiàn)以來， 已經(jīng)有2000萬人死于愛滋病， 他們中大多數(shù)的人來自貧窮的國家”， 因此判斷D是答案。 (環(huán)球網(wǎng)校獨(dú)家資料,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處)

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