2013年職稱英語(yǔ)理工類概括大意完成句子模擬練習(xí)(1)

The fridge

　　The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator."

　　In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

　　The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling…

　　What refrigeration did promote was marketing -- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

　　Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

　　The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you’ll get ride of that terrible hum.

　　1. Paragraph 2 ________ A. The invention of the fridge

　　2. Paragraph 4 ________ B. The pollution caused by fridges

　　3. Paragraph 5 ________ C. The widespread need for fridges

　　4. Paragraph 6 ________ D. The days without the fridge

　　E. The waste of energy caused by fridges

　　F. The fridge’s contribution to commerce

　　5. Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because ____________________.

　　6. The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which ____________________.

　　7.An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that ______________.

　　8. If you stop using the fridge, at least you won’t be troubled by the noise ____________________.

　　A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were delivered

　　B. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commodities

　　C. foods can be preserved

　　D. most kids like iced soft drinks

　　E. every housewife needs food

　　F. the fridge produced when it is working

　　參考答案：

　　Passage 1:

　　The fridge

　　1. D。分析： 段首句(觀點(diǎn)句)說(shuō)“在我童年的時(shí)候還沒(méi)有冰箱， 但是我吃的很好， 吃的是很健康的食物”，接著提到了“送奶工每天送奶，食品商等每周幾次的送貨” ， 這在內(nèi)容上是具體說(shuō)明“沒(méi)有使用冰箱時(shí)生活的情況”， 在該段最后一句中提到“三十年過(guò)去了， 供貨者已經(jīng)不再送食物(上門)了，…”，結(jié)合該句內(nèi)容不難推斷該段中前面部分的主要內(nèi)容是有關(guān)“沒(méi)有冰箱”時(shí)生活情況的描述，因此判斷D (沒(méi)有冰箱的日子)是答案。

　　2. F。 分析： 段首句是觀點(diǎn)句， 該句說(shuō)“冰箱的確促進(jìn)了市場(chǎng)銷售”，而“marketing(市場(chǎng)銷售)”這個(gè)詞也是在段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)， 因此判斷選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)與該詞相呼應(yīng)的詞或內(nèi)容， 因此判斷F(commerce(貿(mào)易)與marketing(銷售)呼應(yīng))是答案。

　　3. E。分析： 該段段首句很長(zhǎng)，但是注意到段首句中出現(xiàn)了由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but所引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句(段首句/段未句中的轉(zhuǎn)折分句處的句意往往很可能是段落的主題句)， 該部分內(nèi)容說(shuō)“但是(世界上絕大多數(shù)的冰箱被發(fā)現(xiàn)是用在那些氣候溫和的，富有國(guó)家里， 這些國(guó)家從氣候上說(shuō)幾乎是沒(méi)有必要使用冰箱。)”， 借助這部分內(nèi)容判斷E(由冰箱所造成的能源浪費(fèi))是答案的最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　4. B。分析： 段首句是觀點(diǎn)句， 該句說(shuō)“冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響一直是很顯著的(借助常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)， 我們能意識(shí)到這里所說(shuō)“對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”是指“對(duì)環(huán)境的污染”)， 而冰箱對(duì)人類所帶來(lái)的幸福卻是微不足道的”， 這個(gè)句子很明確地反映了作者的觀點(diǎn)， 對(duì)比剩下的被選項(xiàng)， 判斷B(冰箱所帶來(lái)的污染)是最佳的選項(xiàng)。

　　5. A。分析：空格所在句子的基本時(shí)態(tài)(主句時(shí)態(tài))是一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 所以空格所在的結(jié)構(gòu)(從句結(jié)構(gòu))應(yīng)該是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的一種，所以只有A， D，F(xiàn)可能是答案。從搭配語(yǔ)意(在冰箱開始使用之前， 因?yàn)榕Ｄ?，肉?蔬菜等食物都會(huì)送上門， 所以人們?nèi)匀豢赡塬@得新鮮的食物。)上看， A最合適。

　　6. C。分析：從搭配語(yǔ)意(冰箱的發(fā)明并沒(méi)有提供出一種新型的， 經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法來(lái)保存食物。)上看， C最合適。

　　7. B。分析：空格前面部分的內(nèi)容說(shuō)“冰箱的發(fā)明所作出的一個(gè)重要的貢獻(xiàn)是…”，我們?cè)诮獯鸶爬ù笠獠糠值念}時(shí)，已經(jīng)了解到“市場(chǎng)銷售/貿(mào)易”是“冰箱的貢獻(xiàn)”， 對(duì)比剩下的選項(xiàng)， 判斷B(冰箱促進(jìn)了各種商品的銷售)是答案。

　　8. F。分析：空格前面部分的內(nèi)容說(shuō)“如果你停止使用冰箱， 至少你不會(huì)被…噪音所影響?！?， 從搭配語(yǔ)意上直接選擇F(當(dāng)冰箱工作時(shí)產(chǎn)生的)。