2013年職稱英語理工類考試輔導-句型語序技巧(7)

　　當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, guess, expect, imagine, suppose等時，如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，通常把主句謂語動詞改為否定式，而將賓語從句改為肯定式，這種現(xiàn)象叫做“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。

　　I don’t think we two have met before.

　　We don’t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.

　　She doesn’t think it is right for John to come late to school.

　　三、表語從句 (The Predicative Clause)：通常置于主句的系動詞之后，說明主句主語的情況。

　　My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.

　　Is that why you had a few days off?

　　It is because I have never heard of the story.

　　四、同位語從句 (The Appositive Clause)：常置于某些名詞之后，對其內(nèi)容作解釋或補充說明。如:

　　advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.

　　同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

　　同位語從句對所修飾詞作補充說明，而定語從句對前面名詞起限定作用;

　　that在同位語從句中只起引導作用，無詞義，無語法成分，而在定語從句中指代所修飾詞并在從句中作主語或賓語。

　　比較：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. (同位語從句)

　　The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. (定語從句)

　　c. 狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)

　　狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的謂語動詞、副詞、形容詞或整個句子。根據(jù)句子的含義，它可表時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、行為方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起，有時由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起。

　　一.時間狀語從句

　　I) when，while和as

　　He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.

　　when 通常指一時的動作或狀態(tài)，可表示從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生，或先于主句動作;while常用來引導兩個同時進行的持續(xù)時間較長的動作;as常用來引導兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，強調(diào)“同一時間”或“一前一后”。

　　When I meet the right chance, I will try my best.

　　While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes

　　He sang songs as he was taking a bath.

　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

　　注：when有時作并列連詞意為“正在這時”、“突然”，在句末，不能位于句首。從句的謂語動詞常用一般過去時，主句通常用過去進行時、過去完成時或be about to結(jié)構(gòu)等。

　　She was about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a little longer.

　　He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.

　　Ⅱ) as soon as, hardly (scarcely, barely) … when… , no sooner …than… 等引導的時間狀語從句，意為“ 一… 就 …”

　　Jack had scarcely /hardly seen me when he left the room.

　　The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

　　那個間諜一踏進國門就奉命要去他國。

　　注： 在no sooner … than, hardly … when …引導的時間狀語從句中，若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首，則要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.

　　Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang

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