2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文1

　　Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the poor

　　Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.

　　Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.

　　In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of targeted molecule. 4

　　Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6

　　Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.

　　注釋：

　　1. beauty product:美容產(chǎn)品

　　2. quantum dot (QD):量子點?？扇〈鷤鹘y(tǒng)染色法,成為細胞內(nèi)的突光標記物,可進行長時間、多分子、同時檢測。

　　3. give off:放出;發(fā)出(蒸汽、光線、煙霧、氣味等)

　　4. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.研究人員正在研究為它們編程的方法,以便如果有靶分子存在時能通過發(fā)光辨認疾病。light up點燈;發(fā)光。targeted molecule:靶分子。

　　5. National Institutes of Health (NIH)：國立衛(wèi)生研究院

　　6. side effect:副作用

　　7. compared to larger particles:如果與大一點的顆粒比較起來的話。這是一個過去分詞短語,作條件狀語。

　　練習：

　　1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A. To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.

　　B. To produce better and lighter building materials.

　　C. To help more accurately diagnose diseases.

　　D. To help more effectively treat diseases.

　　2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?

　　A. By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.

　　B. By letting a person take some kind of medicine.

　　C. By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.

　　D. By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.

　　3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?

　　A. By making a drug target the focus of a disease.

　　B. By changing the structure of the body cells.

　　C. By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.

　　D. By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B本題項A在第一段第三句提到,選項C在第二段倒數(shù)第二句和第四段第一句提到,選項D則在第四段第二、三、四句提到,只有選項B全文均未提及。

　　2. C第三段最后兩句說道,如果存在靶分子的話,量子點就會發(fā)光,以此辨認疾病,這正是本題答案。

　　3.A第四段全段都在講納米技術如何提高藥物療效,而中心就在于納米技術能使藥物對準疾病病灶(文章中實際是舉已經(jīng)研發(fā)的治癌藥為例)從而提高藥物療效。

　　4.C第五段第二句已經(jīng)說得很清楚,其中并沒有Iran。

　　5.D第五段第三句說道,納米技術的應用存在一定的風險,因為與較大顆粒相比,納米材料的顆粒在體內(nèi)和在體外環(huán)境中的作用可能不太一樣。

　　譯文：第一篇 納米保健技術走向貧困國家

　　納米技術的應用對象都是分子級和原子級的物質。如今，長度為一納米，即十億分之一米的粒子已被研究人員開發(fā)出多種用途，如制造美容產(chǎn)品和抗污型服裝等。但其中一個領域科學家認為潛力尤為巨大，那就是醫(yī)藥領域。

　　在上周于華盛頓Woodrow Wilsom國家學術中心召開的一個項目會議上，科學家們探討了如何將納米技術應用于貧困國家人口保健的事宜。來自多倫多大學的Peter Singer 聲稱一項名為量子點的納米技術可被應用于瘧疾的診斷。他指出相對于傳統(tǒng)的僅用顯微鏡觀察血液樣本的方法，此技術要先進得多。

　　由于貧困國家往往沒有條件應用此項新技術，許多健康人被誤診為瘧疾患者，而藥物的濫用又導致類抗藥性的產(chǎn)生。所謂量子點是指一些被激活后會發(fā)光的粒子，科學家正在研究為它們編程的方法，以便當靶分子存在的時候就能夠通過發(fā)光來診斷疾病。

　　納米技術的優(yōu)越性不光體現(xiàn)在疾病的診斷，還包括疾病的治療。國立衛(wèi)生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski 與大家共同探討類如何運用納米技術來增強藥效。以一些已經(jīng)使用類納米技術的抗癌藥物為例，他指出，如果藥物可以針對癌癥病灶而不是整個人體，治療所需藥量就會大大減少，副作用也會降低。

　　Andrew Maynard 是Woodrow Wilsom 中心新興的納米技術工程部骨干科學家，他注意到巴西、印度、中國及南非正在開發(fā)可被貧困國家所應用的納米技術。與此同時他指出，與較大分子不同，納米材料的顆粒在人體內(nèi)和體外環(huán)境中的作用可能有所不同，因此納米技術的應用存在一定風險，老師認為若要深入研究這些風險則需要更大的資金投入。