2014年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類概括大意練習(xí)3

　　Organic Food: Why?

　　1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural” Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.

　　2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (輪種) improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted (排放) by transporting food.

　　3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health.

　　4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in. the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (糞便) or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.

　　5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素). As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops”

　　23 Paragraph 1________

　　24 Paragraph 2________

　　25 Paragraph 3________

　　26 Paragraph 4________

　　A Research into whether organic food is better

　　B Description of organic farming

　　D Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

　　C Factors that affect food health value

　　E Main reason for the popularity of organic food

　　F Testing the taste of organic food

　　27 Techniques of organic farming help ___.

　　28 There is no convincing evidence to ___.

　　29 The weather conditions during the growth of crops ___.

　　30 The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to ___.

　　A affect their nutritional content

　　B be specially trained

　　C improve soil quality

　　D be eaten

　　E. show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

　　F poison you

　　答案：

　　23 E 第一段第一句講歐洲目前是最大的提供有機(jī)食物的市場(chǎng)，其余各句都是在講為什么有機(jī)食物如此吸引人，因?yàn)樗翘烊坏氖澄?，所以本段主要講的是有機(jī)食物受歡迎的原因。答案是E。

　　24 B 本段第一句講有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)不同于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)因?yàn)樗亲匀坏牟皇侨斯さ?，第二句講一些技術(shù)比如輪種可以提高土地質(zhì)量彌補(bǔ)缺乏人工化學(xué)藥物的缺陷，第三句講有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)在人力、土地的使用效率，糧食產(chǎn)量上存在局限，最后一句講有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)中不使用人工化肥所帶來的環(huán)境效益很小，所以本段主要是對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的相關(guān)描述。答案是B。

　　25 A 本段第一、二句話講經(jīng)常有人稱有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)更安全，但對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的研究卻拒絕這種說法。本段其余各句在講一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有機(jī)的和無機(jī)的農(nóng)作物并沒有太大差別，僅有的差別也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)健康有很大影響，所以本段主要講對(duì)有機(jī)食物是否要更好研究。答案是A。

　　26 C 本段第一句話講簡(jiǎn)單地說有機(jī)食物更健康是有誤導(dǎo)性的，第二句講不同食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值因受到不同因素的影響而不同，比如土地類型、烹飪方式等，第三句話講莊稼的口味與它是否施肥等因素?zé)o關(guān)，所以本段是在講影響食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的因素。

　　27 C 第二段第二句話提到“Techniques such as crop rotation(輪種)improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals”，說明一些技術(shù)比如輪種可以提高土地質(zhì)量并幫助農(nóng)民彌補(bǔ)缺乏人工化學(xué)藥物的缺陷，所以答案是C。

　　28 E 第三段第一、二句話提到“Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than convention- al farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim”，意思是“經(jīng)常有人稱有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)更安全，但對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)全世界的研究卻一直拒絕這種說法”，所以答案是B。

　　29 A 第四段第二句話提到“Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on”，說明“食物是天然的產(chǎn)物，不同食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值因受到不同因素的影響而不同，包括新鮮度，食物的烹飪方式，生長(zhǎng)的土地類型，太陽光照，吸收的雨水量等”，所以答案是A。

　　30 D 第五段第四句提到“In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you”，說明事實(shí)上，一種植物越接近它的自然狀態(tài)，它就越有可能讓你中毒，所以答案是D。