2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材補(bǔ)全短文文章及譯文5

　　The Magic of Sound

　　Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?

　　Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit2, even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise3 and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. ____1____

　　The noise from a plane's engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. ____2____ It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves.

　　In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. ____3____ It does no harm to health.

　　Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. ____4____ As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs4 may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity5. If its intensity is very low, it won’t damage internal organs or a person's health. ____5____ When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.

　　詞匯：

　　eardrum / '??dr?m / n.耳膜

　　infrasonic / ,?nfr?'s?n?k / adj.次聲(波)的

　　twist / tw?st / v.使卷曲，使扭曲

　　flute / flu?t / n.長(zhǎng)笛

　　Hz = hertz n.赫茲

　　ultrasonic / ?ltr?'s?n?k / adj.超聲波的;n.超聲波

　　withstand / w?e'st?nd / v.抵擋，經(jīng)受住

　　decibel / 'des?bel / n.分貝

　　resonance / 'rez?n?ns / n.共振

　　rupture / 'r?pt??(r) / n.破裂;v.(使)破裂

　　typhoon / ta?'fu?n / n.臺(tái)風(fēng)

　　注釋：

　　1.an added function ：另加的一種功能

　　2.Once sound exceeds this limit：一旦聲音超過了這個(gè)界限。once是時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞。如：

　　Once you have learned how to swim, you will love this sport.

　　一旦你學(xué)會(huì)了游泳，你會(huì)愛上這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的。

　　3.ekr-splitting noise：震耳欲聾的噪聲

　　4.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people’s internal organs：由于次聲波的頻率接近于人體內(nèi)部器官的頻率。that指代前面的frequency。

　　5.However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a Weapon depends on its intensity：但是，次聲波能否用作武器取決于次聲波的強(qiáng)度。whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon是從句，用作句子的主語。

　　6.When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4over the sea：當(dāng)海面上吹起3 ~4級(jí)風(fēng)的時(shí)候

　　練習(xí)：

　　A　High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.

　　B　The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.

　　C　We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments.

　　D　If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.

　　E　Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.

　　F　Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.A　本段要說明，音量超過80分貝，即使是美妙的音樂，對(duì)人體也有害?！翱?”前面的句子說：一陣高分貝的強(qiáng)烈的沖擊波能使一塊鐵板扭曲和破裂?！翱?”的句子應(yīng)該與高分貝的聲音的危害性有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)A的“High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat”是高分貝聲音的危害性的又一個(gè)例子。從“空1”位置上隱去的句子必是此句。A是答案。

　　2.F　“空2”前面的句子說，長(zhǎng)笛發(fā)出的聲音強(qiáng)度最多只有幾個(gè)分貝。選項(xiàng)F提到樂器，和“空2”前面的句子的長(zhǎng)笛有聯(lián)系。再看內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)的句子是對(duì)上一句意思的概括，因此是答案。

　　3.E　“空3”前的句子說超過2萬赫茲的聲音稱為超聲波。“空3”后的句子說超聲波對(duì)人體無害。位于這兩個(gè)句子之間的“空3”的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與超聲波有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)E說海豚、鯨魚和蝙蝠能發(fā)出這種高頻率的聲音。從內(nèi)容上看，選項(xiàng)E與上下文意思連貫，因此是答案。

　　4.B　“空4”前面的兩個(gè)句子是”Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate”，主題是infrasonic waves。選項(xiàng)B(The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.)的句子中，有vibration，air和infrasonic waves，它們與上述兩個(gè)句子的用詞重復(fù)，說明內(nèi)容聯(lián)系十分緊密，而且意思連貫，所以B是答案。

　　5.D　“空5”前面的句子說：如果次聲波的強(qiáng)度低，不會(huì)傷害人的內(nèi)部器官或影響人的健康。與上述意思有聯(lián)系的句子出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)D。選項(xiàng)D說：如果次聲波的強(qiáng)度超過160分貝，就極為有害。兩個(gè)句子連在一起，構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的論述，所以D是答案。

　　譯文：奇妙的聲音

　　音樂是最美妙的藝術(shù)表達(dá)形式。在電影或是戲劇中，音樂有一種另加的功能，不僅能感動(dòng)人也能使人震撼。一件普通的樂器真的能這樣有魔力嗎?

　　我們的耳膜能夠接收20~80分貝的聲音。一旦超越了這個(gè)界限，再美的音樂也只是震耳的噪聲，還會(huì)危害健康。一陣高分貝的強(qiáng)烈地沖擊波能使一塊鐵板扭曲和破裂。高達(dá)150分貝的聲音能殺死一只健康的老鼠。

　　飛機(jī)引擎發(fā)出的噪聲超過類140分貝。而長(zhǎng)笛發(fā)出的聲音最多只有幾個(gè)分貝。所以，一件普通樂器發(fā)出的聲音不會(huì)危害你的健康。經(jīng)證實(shí)，長(zhǎng)期在高強(qiáng)度聲音環(huán)境中工作的人會(huì)引起不同程度的心臟疾病或腦電波的改變。

　　在電影里，有時(shí)英雄主角能發(fā)出常人無法聽到的聲音，只有具有相同能力的人才能夠感受到。在自然中，確實(shí)有一種聲音在我們的聽力之外。物理學(xué)中，超過20000赫茲的聲音稱為超聲波。海豚、鯨魚和蝙蝠能發(fā)出這樣高頻的聲音。這些聲音對(duì)我們的健康無害。

　　低于20赫茲的聲音稱為次聲波。當(dāng)我們移動(dòng)時(shí)，空氣會(huì)振動(dòng)，空氣的振動(dòng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生次聲波。由于次聲波的頻率接近于人體內(nèi)部器官的頻率，它能夠引起人體的共振。所以，人的視力會(huì)下降，內(nèi)部器官會(huì)破裂。但是，次聲波能夠用作武器取決于次聲波的強(qiáng)度。如果次聲波的強(qiáng)度低，不會(huì)傷害人的內(nèi)部器官或影響人的健康。如果次聲波的強(qiáng)度超過160分貝，就極為有害。當(dāng)海面上吹起3~4級(jí)風(fēng)的時(shí)候，會(huì)產(chǎn)生幾種分貝的次聲波。只有臺(tái)風(fēng)能夠產(chǎn)生超過100分貝的次聲波?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家只能在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，通過先進(jìn)的科學(xué)工具和強(qiáng)大的電力才能制造次聲波武器。