2014職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ悰_刺練習(xí)之閱讀理解4

　　Energy and Public Lands

　　The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production; the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租賃) both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.

　　In 2000, 32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.

　　Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999. for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over- $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize (許可)rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.

　　Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal (地?zé)? resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours (千瓦時(shí))of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower (水電)facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.

　　Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral production may be banned altogether.

　　41 What is the main idea of this passage?

　　Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.

　　B. Public lands play an important role in energy production.

　　C. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.

　　D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.

　　42 Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?

　　Half of US energy is produced there.

　　B. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.

　　C. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.

　　D. Most energy resources are reserved there.

　　43 Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that_____.

　　A. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.

　　B. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.

　　C. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.

　　D. geothermal resources are more important than the other two.

　　44 There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because_____.

　　A. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.

　　B. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.

　　C. many Americans think public lands are being abused.

　　D. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.

　　45 Public lands can be used for energy development when_____.

　　A. they go through the land use planning process.

　　B. energy development restrictions are effective.

　　C. federal land managers grant permissions.

　　D. there is enough federal budget.

　　答案：

　　41 B 第一段主要講美國的公共土地提供了大量的能源生產(chǎn)，第二段主要講美國的石油、天然氣和煤礦資源有很多都是來自聯(lián)邦土地，第三段主要講聯(lián)邦土地的能源貢獻(xiàn)了大量的財(cái)政收人，第四段主要講聯(lián)邦土地所生產(chǎn)的其他能源數(shù)量仍然很大，最后一段主要講美國的公共土地在得到評估后才可用于發(fā)展能源。由此看出本文主要講的是公共土地在能源生產(chǎn)中扮演重要角色。答案是B。

　　42B第二段最后一句話“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas"，可以看出答案為B。

　　43C第四段第一句話“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production ,though the amount is still significant”，說明公共土地的其他能源生產(chǎn)仍然很大，后文則是在舉例，因此答案為C。

　　44 D 第五段第一句話“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public un-ease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense”，說明美國對能源日益增長的需求使得公共土地在滿足美國能源要求時(shí)壓力增大，因此答案是D。

　　45 A 第五段第二句話“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process”，可以明確答案是A。

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