2014職稱英語考試綜合類沖刺練習(xí)之閱讀判斷5

　　The First Settlement in North America

　　It is very difficult to say just when colomzation began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 14921 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south2, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part3. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol4, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island5 (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America6. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans' interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.

　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus's first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

　　The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves7 to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.

　　注釋：

　　1.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 1492...：克里斯托弗?哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲航行之后的一百年內(nèi)……

　　2.…，but rather some Spanish trading posts further south...：……，只是在更偏南的地方西班牙人建了一些貿(mào)易站……

　　3.…，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.……，以及一些英國人參與的形形色色的罪惡。

　　4.Genoa：熱那亞，Venice：威尼斯，Bristol：布里斯托爾

　　5. …, did no more than see an island...：……，只不過看到了一座島嶼……

　　6.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America.他和他兒子在北大西洋又做了幾次航行，這些航行使得英國國王宣稱對北美擁有“合法的”所有權(quán)。

　　7. wage slaves：掙工資的奴隸

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　2. Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　3.With John Cabot's arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　4. There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　6. The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B 文章第一句話說很難說清殖民運動開始的確切時間。

　　2.A 第一段說：在1492年哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸之后的一百年中，北美大陸上沒有出現(xiàn)一塊殖民者的定居地，但是在更往南的地方即南美出現(xiàn)了一些西班牙人的貿(mào)易站。

　　3.B 第一段說John Cabot 1497年航行到了北美，之后他和他兒子又數(shù)次穿越北大西洋航行到北美，才使英國王室能夠宣布對北美大陸擁有“合法的”所有權(quán)。

　　4.B 1497年John Cabot首次乘坐“馬修號”到達北美時船上有18位水手，再加上John Cabot 本人船上至少應(yīng)該有19人。

　　5.A 第二段第一句話說北美大陸開始出現(xiàn)永久定居地是在哥倫布首航近一百年之后的事情，第三句話說Walter Raleigh爵士在1585年派了一小組人登上了Roanoke島。

　　6.A 第二段第二句話說英國人Walter Raleigh爵士宣稱整個北美都屬于英國，并稱之為Virginia。

　　7. C 文章最后一段說英國資本家成立了兩家弗吉尼亞公司，后來決定用“新英格蘭”這個名字來稱呼北美北部地區(qū)，但并沒有說是由誰來命名的。

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