2014職稱英語考試理工類沖刺練習之概括大意5

　　Black Holes

　　1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.

　　2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星質(zhì)量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest

　　particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!

　　3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up(吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits(軌道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.

　　4 So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies(銀河系), space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.

　　23 Paragraph 1________

　　24 Paragraph 2________

　　25 Paragraph 3________

　　26 Paragraph 4________

　　A How are black holes formed?

　　B What are black holes made of?

　　C How were black holes named?

　　D What are different types of black holes?

　　E Is there proof that black holes really exist?

　　F What happened to the objects around a black hole?

　　27 Black holes are formed after______.

　　28 When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into ______.

　　29 A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of______.

　　30 Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove______.

　　A the thinnest particle

　　B a fraction of an inch

　　C the same amount of mass

　　D an explosion of huge stats

　　E the creation of new entities

　　F the existence of black holes

　　答案：

　　23 A 本段的主題句是“Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars"。意為“科學家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞是來自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，后文主要講恒星爆炸的原理，所以本段主要講的是黑洞是如何形成的。答案是A。

　　24 B 本段的主題句是“Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals”，意為“黑洞來源于由氫氣、其他氣體和少量金屬組成的星體”，本段其他的句子在講黑洞的形成條件。所以本段主要講的是黑洞的組成。答案是B。

　　25 F 本段中，第一句話主要講被黑洞吸住的物體總是停在那，永遠不能掙脫。第二句話主要講黑洞只能在一定的距離內(nèi)吞噬物體。第三、第四句話主要是說太陽附近的大型星體可能會變成黑洞，但是太陽的位置不會變。所以本段主要講黑洞周圍物體的情況。因此答案是F。

　　26 E 本段的主題句是“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“天文學家根據(jù)愛因斯坦的相對論已經(jīng)算出黑洞的存在”。后文講的是天文學家對黑洞存在的進一步研究。因此本段主要在講黑洞存在的問題，答案是E。

　　27 D 第一段第二句話，“Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars”，意思是“科學家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞來自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，所以答案是D,“巨大恒星的爆炸”。

　　28 A 第二段第二句話，“When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星質(zhì)量)black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough ( should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest par-tide”，意思是“只有在星體足夠大時，爆炸后才能變成恒星質(zhì)量的黑洞，因為爆炸使它們變成片狀，然后重力開始將每一片壓成最薄的粒子”。所以答案是A，“最薄的粒子”。

　　29 C 第三段第四句“Orbits(軌道)do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star”，意思是“新形成的黑洞的軌道不會變，因為它的質(zhì)量和它之前是恒星時的質(zhì)量一樣”。所以答案是C,“相同的質(zhì)量”。

　　30 F 第四段第一句話，“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“到目前為止，天文學家已經(jīng)根據(jù)愛因斯坦的相對論算出黑洞的存在”。所以答案是F,“黑洞的存在”。

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