2015年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生C類閱讀材料10

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　　Breastfeeding Can Cut

　　Cardiovascular Risk

　　Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday.

　　Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow grown in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.

　　"Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity ― the four main risk factors for stroke and heart attack," said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London.

　　"Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."

　　Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs.

　　An estimated 17 million people die of various disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organisation.

　　Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas. They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal.

　　The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14-percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.

　　The researchers also found that regardless of the child's weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same for both boys and girls.

　　"The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later," Lucas said.

　　母乳喂養(yǎng)能夠減少

　　心血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)

　　老師在周五說母乳喂養(yǎng)能夠減少今后生活中出現(xiàn)心臟病和中風(fēng)的可能，并且每年可以避免成千上萬的死亡。

　　用母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒在童年比別的兒童更少感染疾病或過敏，并且更少肥胖。英國(guó)科學(xué)家目前指出，母乳喂養(yǎng)和在出生后的前幾個(gè)星期和月份內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)緩慢可以起到避免心血管疾病的保護(hù)作用。

　　倫敦兒童衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的阿蘭?盧卡斯教授說：“促進(jìn)快速生長(zhǎng)的飲食會(huì)使嬰兒在多年之后容易得血壓高、膽固醇高、糖尿病及肥胖癥――這是導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)和心臟病的四個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素?！?/P>

　　“我們的證據(jù)顯示母乳喂養(yǎng)的孩子之所以更健康，是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谏淖畛鯉讉€(gè)星期里生長(zhǎng)得更慢?！?/P>

　　盧卡斯說母乳喂養(yǎng)對(duì)今后生活中血壓和膽固醇的作用比除吃藥之外成年人為控制導(dǎo)致心血管病的因素而使用的任何方法都有效。

　　根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織報(bào)告，每年大約有1700萬人死于心血管病，特別是心臟病和中風(fēng)。

　　盧卡斯和他的同事比較了216個(gè)十幾歲的青少年的健康狀況，他們幼年時(shí)有的是母乳喂養(yǎng)的，有的食用的是營(yíng)養(yǎng)配方奶粉。他們?cè)谔m斯特醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上發(fā)表了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　在壞膽固醇和好膽固醇的比例方面，吃母乳的青少年的比例低14%，并且他們的蛋白質(zhì)積聚也比較低，而蛋白質(zhì)積聚是導(dǎo)致心血管病的因素之一。

　　研究者還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不論孩子出生時(shí)的體重是多少，孩子在最初幾個(gè)星期或幾個(gè)月里長(zhǎng)得越快，他們?cè)诮窈蟮纳钪械男呐K病和中風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)就越大。這種作用對(duì)男孩女孩都一樣。

　　盧卡斯說：“在新生期間喝越多的人奶，16年后膽固醇水平和血壓就越低?！?/P>

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