2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生類(lèi)A級(jí)閱讀復(fù)習(xí)(3)

　　2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)A級(jí)閱讀復(fù)習(xí)

　　Migrant Workers

　　移民工人

　　In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1 where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

　　In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

　　Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems ratherhan do routine work in their home country.

　　One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.

　　在過(guò)去的20年，工人從一個(gè)國(guó)家到另一個(gè)國(guó)家的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越大。一些剛剛獨(dú)立的國(guó)家把大部分工作留給當(dāng)?shù)厝?，這一點(diǎn)是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國(guó)家能夠召集外面的人來(lái)改進(jìn)本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來(lái)自美國(guó)和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國(guó)和日本的許多國(guó)家引入了建筑工人和技師。

　　由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費(fèi)用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以?huà)甑剿麄冊(cè)谧约簢?guó)家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個(gè)相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來(lái)訪(fǎng)工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

　　有時(shí)一個(gè)劣勢(shì)就有一個(gè)補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因?yàn)楣と藗優(yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴(lài)。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢(qián)，部分原因是因?yàn)槟抢锶鄙賷蕵?lè)設(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿(mǎn)問(wèn)題，但是這會(huì)向那些更愿解決問(wèn)題而不是在自己國(guó)家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　影響中東的移民工人的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是他們的工作是暫時(shí)性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計(jì)劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因?yàn)闆](méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家歡迎大量的外國(guó)工人作為永久居民。無(wú)論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個(gè)不足，因?yàn)樗麄兊玫降氖强捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。