2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)解析:動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)

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      2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)解析:動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)

　　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致的原則

　　2005年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)閱讀理解部分文章

　　From saving money

　　(Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for). (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.

　　(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.

　　(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.

　　這篇文章的基調(diào)事態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 用于對(duì)文章的主題”存錢”進(jìn)行客觀的講述, 客觀的分析在現(xiàn)在的生活中如何存錢.文章中句子的時(shí)態(tài), 無(wú)論是主句時(shí)態(tài)還是從句時(shí)態(tài)一般都與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)

　　要點(diǎn)回顧:

　　主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)一致性;

　　文章中相臨語(yǔ)句時(shí)態(tài)通常彼此呼應(yīng), 一致;

　　英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive Voice)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。我們?cè)趯?shí)際應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，如：

　　理工類from Please Fasten Your Seatbelt

　　“l(fā)aser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air.”

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)在職稱英語(yǔ)的文章中, 甚至在考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率都較高, 如:

　　2005年理工類閱讀判斷文章The Smog

　　But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. … Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.

　　在文章后面的問(wèn)題中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也是頻繁地被使用, 如:The Smog這篇文章后面的第6題:

　　6. The forest animals haven’t been affected by the smog.

　　如:閱讀理解Pushbike Danger后的第2題:

　　2. How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents?

　　在2005年理工C的考題中還有其他不少地方出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu), 從上面的例子中我們可以了解到:

　　1. 英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: be + v.ed

　　2. “be + v.ed”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于中文中的“被”，“受到”等含義。

　　3. 英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)有不同的時(shí)態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式，如：is caused; was caused; has been caused; had been caused等。

　　絕大多數(shù)的及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)都可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和表示狀態(tài)的詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　“主謂一致”(“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)一致性的原則”)的原則具體來(lái)說(shuō)就是“主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)決定了謂語(yǔ)部分動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)”，我們剛才看到的那些句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系也是受到主謂一致性的影響：

　　Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for. (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.

　　(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.

　　(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.

　　在以往的職稱英語(yǔ)考題中“主謂一致”這個(gè)考點(diǎn)會(huì)直接在完型填空題中出現(xiàn)。從近幾年的職稱英語(yǔ)考題來(lái)看―完型填空題把主要考察重點(diǎn)放在詞匯/短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析，詞匯/短語(yǔ)的拼寫形式的辨別， 和詞匯/短語(yǔ)的搭配使用特點(diǎn)上。對(duì)“主謂一致”考察通常是間接地進(jìn)行的, 最常見(jiàn)的就是考察對(duì)文章中結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子句意的理解, 如:2005年理工類C級(jí)閱讀理解的文章:

　　(Almost Human)

　　Machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer science fiction.