2016職稱英語備考文章之衛(wèi)生類(1)

   》2016職稱英語備考文章之衛(wèi)生類匯總

　　第五篇 Tracking Down HIV

　　In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.

　　By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.

　　In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.

　　In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.

　　詞匯：

　　spot n. 地點，斑點，斑塊，青春痘

　　lymph n. 淋巴結(jié)

　　sarcoma n. 腫瘤，肉瘤，惡性毒瘤

　　exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗盡，精疲力竭

　　immunologist n. 免疫學(xué)家

　　malfunction n. 故障，失靈，疾病

　　count n. 計數(shù)，計算

　　infection n. 傳染病，感染

　　breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩潰

　　toll n. 代價，死亡人數(shù)

　　intravenous drug n. 靜脈注射藥物

　　abnormalities n. (abnormality的復(fù)數(shù)形式)畸形，異常情況

　　blood transfusion n. 輸血

　　symptom n. 癥狀

　　virologist n. 病毒學(xué)家

　　virus n. 病毒

　　panel n. 座談小組，儀表板

　　hemophiliac n. 血友病患者

　　vaccine n. 疫苗

　　注釋：

　　1.play a key role...扮演一個關(guān)鍵角色，有至關(guān)重要的作用

　　2.be responsible for...對……負責，是……的原因

　　3.can be eradicated可以被根除的

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.This passage is mainly about ____.

　　A　the spreading of the disease known as HIV

　　B　the work of Dr. Robert Gallo

　　C　infectious diseases

　　D　the symptoms of HIV

　　2.A T-cell is a ____.

　　A　patient’s blood

　　B　deadly strain of tuberculosis

　　C　white blood cell important in providing immunity to disease

　　D　red blood cell

　　3.The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.

　　A　have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIV

　　B　have hope that a cure for HIV will be found

　　C　have run out of time to find a cure for HIV

　　D　are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV

　　4.The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.

　　A　chronological order

　　B　personal narrative

　　C　comparison and contrast

　　D　question and answer

　　5.The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.

　　A　made extreme

　　B　celebrated

　　C　remove by rubbing

　　D　gotten rid of entirely

　　答案與題解：

　　1.A　從開篇的病例介紹，到后面感染人數(shù)的不斷上升可以推斷出，這篇文章的主旨是講艾滋病病毒在美國的傳播。從第二段中的最后一句話可以看出，人們最初對艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月，而那時全美已有病例471起，并有184人死亡了，因此可以推斷出是講該病毒的傳播的。

　　2.C　第一段的最后一句話里對T細胞進行了定義，即其為白細胞的一種，并在免疫效應(yīng)中起關(guān)鍵作用，因此答案是選項

　　3.B　文章最后一段的最后一句話提到了解題線索，即現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家正在測試預(yù)防艾滋病的疫苗，他們相信，如果該病毒能被抑制，就可能被根治。

　　4.A　該題為對文章線索總結(jié)題，chronological order意思為“按照時間次序”，chronological意思為“時間的”，從該文中的幾個時間點來看，人們對于艾滋病的接觸、了解、應(yīng)對、研究，應(yīng)該是按照不同年份進行的，故答案為選項A。

　　5.D　本題為詞義推斷題，eradicate的本義為“根除”，本題的解題線索在最后一段最后一句話的前半句，即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed”，只要了解suppress的詞義，即“抑制”，那么結(jié)合后面then(于是，那么)這個關(guān)聯(lián)詞就可以推斷出后面的動詞短語應(yīng)該和“根治”有關(guān)，本題選項中的前三個選項均不含該意思，故答案為選項D。選項A為“成為極端”，選項B為“慶?！?，選項C為“通過摩擦被消除”，和前句大意均不相符。

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