2009年自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)(二)串講資料(3)
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3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
第一大類：非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
|
時(shí)間 |
從句 |
主句 |
|
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 |
did/ were |
should/could/would + do |
|
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 |
had done |
should/could/would + have done |
|
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 |
were to do should do |
should/could/would + do |
If I were you，I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news，we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed，you should work harder.
第二大類：從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) would rather + 從句
2) wish + 從句
3) if only + 從句
4) as if/ as though + 從句
5) It's time + 從句
I would rather you didn't tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
$lesson$
第三大類：從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中should可省略。
1) suggest，propose，advise，move(動(dòng)議)，ask，order，require，request，desire，insist，prefer 等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句;
2) suggestion，proposal，advice，motion，order，requirement，request，desire，preference等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句;
3) important，necessary，essential，imperative，desirable，advisable，preferable 等形容詞用在it is … that…句型中;
4) lest，in case，for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
4.定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句
4.1 定語(yǔ)從句：限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
1)關(guān)系代詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))：which，that，who，whom，whose
2)關(guān)系副詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ))：when，where，why，how
名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：
1)主從連詞(不在從句中作任何成分)：that，whether，if
2)連接代詞(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever…
3)連接副詞(在從句中作狀語(yǔ))：when，where，why，how
4.2 定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾限制，而同位語(yǔ)從句闡述的是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。從語(yǔ)法上看，that，which在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而同位語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞that不在從句中擔(dān)任任何成分。
1)The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定語(yǔ)從句
2)The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位語(yǔ)從句
4.3 什么時(shí)候用介詞+which 的形式?
如果定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用that/ which 形式。如果定語(yǔ)從句缺狀語(yǔ)，用介詞+which形式。
1)The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
2)The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
4.4 which 和 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
which 和 as 都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾整個(gè)一句話。as有“正如”的意思，而which沒(méi)有。
1)He is easy to get angry，which is well known. 他很容易生氣，這一點(diǎn)大家都知道。
2)He is easy to get angry，as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那樣，他很容易生氣。
?2009年自學(xué)考試報(bào)名時(shí)間匯總 
?自學(xué)考試公共英語(yǔ)(二)課程不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表
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