2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:安樂死,贊成還是反對(duì)
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安樂死：贊成還是反對(duì)
"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ... we mustn't delay any longer.”
“我們千萬別再拖下去了„，我吞咽困難，呼吸困難„，那些部位的肌肉一點(diǎn)勁也沒有了 „，千萬別再拖了?！?/STRONG>
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
這是一名叫齊思?范?萬德爾?尤德的荷蘭人在懇求他的醫(yī)生幫助他死時(shí)說的話。范?萬德爾因身患重病，言語含混不清，他自己也知道根本沒有康復(fù)的希望，因?yàn)樗牟∏樵谘杆賽夯?/STRONG>
Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
在讓醫(yī)生給自己注射最后一針也是致死一針之前，范?萬德爾生命的最后三個(gè)月被拍成了電影，去年在荷蘭電視上首次播出。在這之后20個(gè)國家先后購買了這套電視節(jié)目，每次播放，都引發(fā)了全民對(duì)安樂死問題的大討論。
The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
荷蘭是歐洲惟一允許安樂死的國家。從技術(shù)上講安樂死不合法，但如果醫(yī)生按照兩年前荷蘭議會(huì)制定的嚴(yán)格的指導(dǎo)原則實(shí)施安樂死，一般不會(huì)受到法律的追究。指導(dǎo)原則規(guī)定：患者正在經(jīng)受極大的痛苦，沒有治愈的可能，患者一再請(qǐng)求實(shí)施安樂死。另外，必須由另外一位醫(yī)生證明一切都符合上述條件;病員死亡必須向公安機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)告。
Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor, explains how he looks at the question:
是否應(yīng)該允許醫(yī)生剝奪他人的生命呢?齊思?范?萬德爾的醫(yī)生威爾弗雷?德范?奧仁醫(yī)生談了自己對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法：安樂死：贊成還是反對(duì)
"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ... we mustn't delay any longer.”
“我們千萬別再拖下去了„，我吞咽困難，呼吸困難„，那些部位的肌肉一點(diǎn)勁也沒有了 „，千萬別再拖了?！?/STRONG>
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
這是一名叫齊思?范?萬德爾?尤德的荷蘭人在懇求他的醫(yī)生幫助他死時(shí)說的話。范?萬德爾因身患重病，言語含混不清，他自己也知道根本沒有康復(fù)的希望，因?yàn)樗牟∏樵谘杆賽夯?/STRONG>
Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
在讓醫(yī)生給自己注射最后一針也是致死一針之前，范?萬德爾生命的最后三個(gè)月被拍成了電影，去年在荷蘭電視上首次播出。在這之后20個(gè)國家先后購買了這套電視節(jié)目，每次播放，都引發(fā)了全民對(duì)安樂死問題的大討論。
The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
荷蘭是歐洲惟一允許安樂死的國家。從技術(shù)上講安樂死不合法，但如果醫(yī)生按照兩年前荷蘭議會(huì)制定的嚴(yán)格的指導(dǎo)原則實(shí)施安樂死，一般不會(huì)受到法律的追究。指導(dǎo)原則規(guī)定：患者正在經(jīng)受極大的痛苦，沒有治愈的可能，患者一再請(qǐng)求實(shí)施安樂死。另外，必須由另外一位醫(yī)生證明一切都符合上述條件;病員死亡必須向公安機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)告。
Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor, explains how he looks at the question:
是否應(yīng)該允許醫(yī)生剝奪他人的生命呢?齊思?范?萬德爾的醫(yī)生威爾弗雷?德范?奧仁醫(yī)生談了自己對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法：
"Well, it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much. That's a very different thing.”
“實(shí)施安樂死與我計(jì)劃用機(jī)關(guān)槍殺一大群人不能等同，要是那樣，我覺得是最惡毒不過的殺人方式了。作為醫(yī)生，我這樣做與用機(jī)關(guān)槍殺人絕對(duì)不同。我關(guān)心人，盡力不讓他們太受罪，實(shí)施安樂死完全是另一回事?！?/STRONG>
Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organisation Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family -- there's nearly always another question behind the question.”
但許多人堅(jiān)決反對(duì)實(shí)施安樂死?！胺磳?duì)安樂死，實(shí)施保健護(hù)理”組織主席安德魯?福格森說：“絕大多數(shù)實(shí)施安樂死的病例中，患者實(shí)際上在要求別的東西，他們可能是想讓保健醫(yī)護(hù)人員替他們與自己心愛的人或家人溝通――幾乎是每個(gè)問題的背后總有另外別的問題存在?！?/STRONG>
Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices -- special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.”
英國晚期病人收容院有著優(yōu)良的傳統(tǒng)，他們專門護(hù)理臨終病人，照顧他們的特殊要求。英國國家收容院理事會(huì)主席，收容運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)起人西西莉?桑德斯?fàn)庌q說，安樂死將看護(hù)臨終病人的方法置之度外。此外，她還擔(dān)心允許安樂死會(huì)使要求護(hù)理和得到人們廣泛關(guān)懷的念頭減少?！霸诮裉斓纳鐣?huì)里，這會(huì)讓老年人、殘病人和依靠別人生活的人容易感到自己是負(fù)擔(dān)，因此，他們感到應(yīng)該從生活中消失掉。我認(rèn)為任何允許合法地縮短人的生命的事情，肯定會(huì)讓人們更加脆弱”。
Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?
許多人認(rèn)為剝奪個(gè)人死亡之權(quán)是生硬專橫的。盡管他們贊同生命重要，應(yīng)該得到尊重，但他們感到生命的質(zhì)量也不該忽視。奧仁醫(yī)生認(rèn)為，如果人們想死，他們就有選擇的最基本的權(quán)力?！澳切┓磳?duì)實(shí)施安樂死的人們告訴我的是這樣的一些話：臨終者沒有這個(gè)權(quán)力，人們病得嚴(yán)重時(shí)，我們都要擔(dān)心他們的死亡;但有時(shí)候死亡是個(gè)好事，在這種情況下，為什么不允許他們死呢?”
But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.
但是“為什么不允許”是個(gè)可能會(huì)引起強(qiáng)烈反響的問題。那部反映齊思?范?萬德爾死亡的片子既令人動(dòng)情又令人敏感。顯而易見，他的醫(yī)生是他家的朋友，他的妻子也是一心想為她的丈夫好。但有人會(huì)說，用這個(gè)特殊的事例來為安樂死叫好是危險(xiǎn)的。并非所有的病人都會(huì)受到那樣的個(gè)別護(hù)理和關(guān)注
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