To live comfortably in retirement, you need "to save until it hurts," says financial adviser and best-selling author Ric Edelman。

People give lots of excuses for not saving for retirement, he says. They may be procrastinating, think they can't afford to save or fear losing money to bad investments, but they have to overcome those fears, because "a financially secure future will be up to them," says Edelman, who has a new book on the topic,The Truth about Retirement Plans and IRAs。

The CEO and founder of Edelman Financial Services, a firm with more than $12 billion in assets under management, Edelman has written eight personal finance books, including the best-selling The Truth About Money. He's also a national radio and TV host。

If you're not tucking money away for the future now, you can start by saving as little as $10 a paycheck or putting away half your next raise, he says. "A small amount of money can produce massive amounts of wealth over time. The key is getting started."

It used to be that people didn't worry about saving for their later years because many had pensions, and they didn't live as long as people do now, Edelman says. "But we can no longer count on our employers, partly because they aren't offering pensions, and we don't stay with one employer. Many people change jobs every few years."

Most experts expect Social Security benefits will be lower in the future, he says. "You can't count on your employer and you can't count on the government, therefore your retirement is up to you. That statement scares people, but in fact it should empower you, because it's remarkably easy to achieve retirement savings success."

身兼財(cái)政顧問(wèn)和暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)作家的瑞克·愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)，為了在退休后生活舒適愜意，你需要“節(jié)省資金以備不時(shí)之需”。

愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)，人們給出許多理由解釋不節(jié)省的原因。他們可能是借故推遲，認(rèn)為面對(duì)糟糕的投資時(shí)不能應(yīng)付過(guò)去或害怕失去資金。但是必須克服種種擔(dān)心，因?yàn)?ldquo;他們將來(lái)的財(cái)政安全就取決于此，”愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)，針對(duì)此課題，他出版了一本新的圖書(shū)，名叫《退休的真相》。

作為愛(ài)德曼金融服務(wù)中心的首席執(zhí)行官和締造者，愛(ài)德曼已編著8本個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)書(shū)籍，包括暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)《金錢(qián)的真相》。他同樣是國(guó)家電臺(tái)和電視主持人。而他的公司管理有條，已擁有超過(guò)120億的資產(chǎn)。

如果還未為將來(lái)存儲(chǔ)資金，那么你要開(kāi)始此項(xiàng)工作了。例如節(jié)約僅僅10美元的薪資或者儲(chǔ)存半筆下次的加薪，他說(shuō)。“時(shí)間會(huì)見(jiàn)證少量資金會(huì)帶來(lái)大筆的財(cái)富。而重點(diǎn)是此刻開(kāi)始。”

在過(guò)去，人們不在意為老年生活節(jié)省錢(qián)財(cái)，因?yàn)樵S多人有養(yǎng)老金，并且壽命沒(méi)有如今這般長(zhǎng)，愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)道。“但我們可以不再依賴雇主，部分因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)提供養(yǎng)老金，另外是我們不會(huì)總跟隨一位雇主。大多數(shù)人會(huì)在幾年內(nèi)更換多份工作。”

大部分專家預(yù)測(cè)到未來(lái)的社保受益會(huì)降低，他說(shuō)。“你不能依賴你的雇主和政府，這就表示你要依賴自身。這份聲明讓民眾擔(dān)驚受怕，但事實(shí)上這是在賦予你權(quán)利，因?yàn)樘崆盀橥诵輧?chǔ)備資金很簡(jiǎn)單且成功率高。”

Edelman offers these tips for saving for retirement:

1. Join your retirement plan at work. It's the easiest way to save because money is automatically deducted from your paycheck, he says. If your employer doesn't offer a retirement plan, if you're not eligible to participate in it or if you're already contributing the pre-tax maximum and can afford to save even more, then contribute to an IRA。

2. Start small. If you're not contributing anything to a retirement plan, start by contributing 1% of your pay. If the 1% contribution hurts, then stay at that level until it doesn't hurt anymore, he says. If it doesn't hurt, then increase your contribution by another 1%. Do that until it hurts。

A 1% contribution may be less painful than you think. Say you make $44,259 a year. If you're paid twice a month, that's $1,844 per paycheck. If you contribute $18.44 from it, you lower your taxes by about $5, assuming you're in the 25% tax bracket, meaning your paycheck only has to drop by $13. That's about a dollar a day。

It's easy to cut a dollar a day from most budgets, he says. "We're talking about one large cafe latte a week or you can skip drinking soda daily at lunch," Edelman says。

3. Start even smaller. If even 1% sounds like too much money, make it $10 a paycheck. Then increase by $10 increments until it hurts。

4. Save half your next raise. If you can't contribute anything now, wait until your next pay raise. When you get it, put half your raise into the retirement plan. Your paycheck will still go up some, and your contribution will be completely painless, he says。

5. Don't miss out on company incentives. Most employers that offer retirement plans give incentives for you to contribute some of your pay to your plan. Many add an amount equal to 3% of your pay. "Your employer is offering you free money, so take it."

6. Find a new job. If your employer doesn't offer matching contributions, find a job with an employer that does, he says. Matching contributions can really add up。

Consider: If you contribute $5,000 a year for 40 years, earning 6% annually, you'll accumulate $773,810 for retirement. If your employer adds to your account with a 3% match, the value of your account will be $232,143 more — giving you a total of slightly more than $1 million。

"You need to recognize that many employers are willing to provide a matching contribution. If your employer isn't doing that, you owe it to yourself to change jobs," he says。

7. Invest with a long-term perspective. You have to create a diversified mix of mutual funds that invest in stocks, bonds, real estate, foreign securities and government securities, he says。

You can keep your money entirely invested in stock funds provided you understand the risks and you plan to leave your money invested in stock funds for at least five years, preferably longer, Edelman says. These two criteria are crucial for your decision to leave money invested in stock funds, he says。

"I would never recommend that people put money in stocks if they plan on withdrawing it in a year or two. Look at 2008. If you had a two-year time horizon and had invested in 2006, look what have happened. But if you had a five-year time horizon, you would have been fine。

"If you are terrified of the stock market, you need to invest in it anyway," Edelman says. "A lot of people are terrified to go to the dentist, but they go anyway. Don't let your fears stop you from doing what you need to do."

愛(ài)德曼關(guān)于為退休節(jié)省資金而提供以下建議：

1. 工作時(shí)制定好退休計(jì)劃。這會(huì)是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法，因?yàn)殄X(qián)會(huì)自動(dòng)從你的薪資中扣除，他說(shuō)。如果你的老板未提供退休計(jì)劃，如果你就此項(xiàng)未符合條件或如果你已繳納稅前最大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并能節(jié)省更多，那就設(shè)立個(gè)人退休賬戶。

2. 開(kāi)始于少量。如果你未關(guān)注半分退休計(jì)劃，那就從薪資中抽取1%作為貢獻(xiàn)。如果1%使你感到心痛，則可開(kāi)始于任何人可接受的指數(shù)，他說(shuō)。如若未使心痛，則可增加1%，知道達(dá)到使你心痛的地步。

1%的抽取或許不如你想象般痛心。假設(shè)你的年薪是4,4259美元。如果你每月兩次，則薪資會(huì)是1844美元。比如你從中抽取18.44美元，你就會(huì)降低5美元的稅收，假設(shè)你屬于25%的稅階，這意味著你的薪資僅少13美元。這就是每天一美元機(jī)會(huì)。

從大部分預(yù)算中每天減少一美元很簡(jiǎn)單，他說(shuō)。“我們討論的是每周一杯拿鐵咖啡，或者你可在每天的午餐中省去喝蘇打，”愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)。

3. 開(kāi)始于更小的金額。如果1%對(duì)你意味著數(shù)額大，那么可從10美元開(kāi)始。而后繼續(xù)增加10美元直到使你痛心的地步。

4. 下次加薪，拿出半數(shù)，作為儲(chǔ)蓄。如果現(xiàn)在的你未能拿出一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)等到下次加薪。拿出半數(shù)的加薪，放入退休計(jì)劃中，如若有加薪時(shí)。你的薪水仍會(huì)增長(zhǎng)少許，而投入退休計(jì)劃的薪資將永不會(huì)使你痛心，他說(shuō)。

5. 不要錯(cuò)過(guò)公司的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。許多雇主會(huì)提供退休計(jì)劃，這會(huì)激勵(lì)你投入些許薪資，使其歸入你的計(jì)劃。而你的工資也會(huì)增加3%。“這是雇主為你提供免費(fèi)的錢(qián)財(cái)，所以拿著吧。”

6. 找到一份新工作。如果你的老板未能提供與付出等價(jià)的薪資，請(qǐng)更換工作，尋找做到此點(diǎn)的老板，他說(shuō)。與勞動(dòng)相對(duì)等的薪資必會(huì)增加退休儲(chǔ)蓄。

試想：如若在40年內(nèi)你每年抽取5000美元，且每年增加6%，退休時(shí)你就會(huì)積累77,3810美元。假如老板為你的賬戶提供3%，那么你的賬戶將會(huì)有額外的23,2143美元——總數(shù)會(huì)比百萬(wàn)美元多一點(diǎn)。

“你需要清楚許多老板愿意提供對(duì)等的薪資。但你的老板如若做不到，你要告訴自己去換工作，”他說(shuō)。

7. 懷著長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)視角而投資。你必須創(chuàng)立多種混雜的互惠基金，范圍包括股票，基金，房地產(chǎn)，外國(guó)證券和政府證券，他說(shuō)。

愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)，基于了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)且計(jì)劃將資金投入股票基金，時(shí)間至少為5年且時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越適合，你可將資金全部投入股票基金。這兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)于你決定將資金投入股票基金很是重要，他說(shuō)。

“我從不會(huì)推薦人們將資金投入股票，然后一兩年后撤回資金。回想2008年。如果你有兩年的投資期且開(kāi)始于2006年，你就明白發(fā)生的事件。但是如果你有五年的投資期，你將會(huì)受益良好。”

“如果你對(duì)股票市場(chǎng)畏懼，不管怎樣你還要投資其中。”愛(ài)德曼說(shuō)。“許多人害怕去牙醫(yī)出，但最后還是去了。不要讓擔(dān)心害怕阻止你需要做的事情。”