2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材概括大意文章及譯文13

Ward off Travel Bugs

　　1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.

　　2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoning brought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.

　　3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.

　　4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However，if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.

　　5 Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel7 can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.

　　6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.

　　7 The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.

　　8 You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin10. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.

　　9 Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.

　　詞匯：

　　bug 臭蟲;病菌;病毒 diarrhea 腹瀉

　　taint感染;污染 pancreatic 胰腺的

　　antibiotic 抗生素 option 選擇

　　jet lag (跨時區(qū)高速飛行后)生理節(jié)奏的破壞，飛行時差反應

　　anti-parasitic 抗寄生蟲的 anti-fungal 抗真菌的，殺真菌的

　　nibble一點點地咬下 pathogenic 病原的;致病的;發(fā)病的

　　thrombosis 血栓 anti-viral 抗病毒的 hydrate 保持水分

　　注釋：

　　1.ward off ：避開;防止

　　2.As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn.：隨著假日的臨近，由于高空飛行時差引起的生理不適、胃痛或日光灼燒等潛在問題也接踵而至。第二個分句是由so引導的倒裝句。例如：“He is a doctor. ” “So am I.”

　　3.lactobacillus and bifidobacteria：乳(酸)桿菌和雙歧桿菌

　　4.succumb to：屈服，屈從

　　5.bring on：引起，導致

　　6.By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.：通過改善消化道內(nèi)的細菌平衡，你就可以排出致病細菌，使它們沒有立足之地。crowd out：驅(qū)趕出。

　　7.silicol gel：偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅膠

　　8.grapefruit-seed extract：葡萄?榨汁

　　9.peppermint oil and ginger capsules：薄荷油和生姜膠囊。medicine ―般指內(nèi)服藥(包括液體藥劑，例如可以說a drop of medicine)，pill指小的丸粒，tablet指藥片，但有時medicine可代表藥品的總稱。

　　10.bioflavonoid quercetin：生物類黃酮槲皮素

　　練習：

　　1.Paragraph 1 ________.

　　2.Paragraph 4 ________.

　　3.Paragraph 5 ________.

　　4.Paragraph 6 ________.

　　A　Basics of What to Eat and Drink

　　B　Medicine Against Bacteria and Viruses

　　C　Avoiding Holiday Troubles

　　D　Basics of Having a Pleasant Flight

　　E　A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol

　　F　Preparations Against Food Poisoning

　　5.Food-poisoning may pose a problem ________.

　　6.Special earplugs can make you feel better ________.

　　7.It is important to drink a lot of water ________.

　　8.Don’t forget to bring necessary medicine ________.

　　A　when your plane is about to land

　　B　when you are taking tablets

　　C　when you suffer from food-poisoning

　　D　when you are travelling

　　E　when you are packing for your tour

　　F　when you are having a cold

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C　實際上，這段也點明了全文的中心思想。

　　2.A　本段說明旅行時在吃與喝方面應注意的基本衛(wèi)生問題。

　　3.B　注意E沒有概括本段的中心意思。

　　4.D　本段開始介紹坐飛機旅行時的注意事項。

　　5.D　第二、第三、第四、第五段都談到了注意旅行中的飲食衛(wèi)生。

　　6.A　答案的根據(jù)為文章第六段的第三句。

　　7.C　第四段提到當食物中毒時要多喝水，以免脫水。

　　8.E　答案的根據(jù)在第五段。

　　譯文：防止旅行中的疾病困擾

　　隨著假日的臨近，由于高空飛行的時差引起的生理不適、胃痛或日光灼燒等潛在的問題也接踵而至。利用自然界的一些保護和幫助，我們有可能避免這些問題。

　　你可以在出發(fā)前準備一兩個星期。事物中毒會使你的假期苦不堪言，但是服用例如乳(酸)桿菌和雙歧桿菌類的藥物就會減少由于受不知名的細菌污染的食物和水而導致中毒的可能性。

　　通過改善消化道內(nèi)的細菌平衡，你就可以排除致病細菌，使它們沒有立足之地、有益的細菌也會在你腸內(nèi)制造柔和但有效的自然抗生素。

　　在許多度假勝地你需要記住一些基本事項：喝瓶裝水，避免吃不熟的肉，確保食品衛(wèi)生。如果你真的食物中毒了，喝足夠的水以保持水分而且要看醫(yī)生。然而如果你能及早發(fā)現(xiàn)腹瀉的話，你可以試著服用10或15片胰腺消化酶，它可以在繁殖迅速的細菌控制局勢之前把它們消化掉。

　　服用一湯匙的偏磷酸蛋白氧化硅膠也會有幫助。它會在胃及靠近胃的腸道內(nèi)部形成一層保護膜，把細菌和病毒隔離開來，使它們安全地從腸道排出。當你打行李的時候，把葡萄籽榨汁帶上，它是一種很好的全面抗菌、抗寄生蟲、抗病毒和抗真菌的藥劑。

　　你的飛行航程也可以變得更愉快、薄荷油和生姜膠囊可以預防移動導致的惡心、但是更可口的一種選擇是小口地咬蜜餞姜。如果你在起飛或降落的時候容易耳朵疼，你可以用特殊的帶有填充物的耳塞減慢氣壓變化的速度。

　　人們最擔心的還是經(jīng)濟艙癥候群，這是深度血栓的常用名、它可導致從腿到肺、從心臟到大腦的血液凝塊。為了減少這種病發(fā)的可能性，你需要一兩個消失保持水分，還要忌酒。

　　你也可以用每天服用一克維生素C和生物類黃銅槲皮素的辦法減輕炎癥、維生素C和黃銅槲皮素還對減少痱子有幫助。

　　最后，如果在國外不良的癥狀一直不消失，你應該去看醫(yī)生。

　　2014年職稱英語考前復習必讀攻略      2014年職稱英語老師輔導輕松通關

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