2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(衛(wèi)生類)教材補(bǔ)全短文文章及譯文13

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　 衛(wèi)生類-補(bǔ)全短文

　　What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?

　　When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. ____1____ Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can’t be used by the body on its own―it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.

　　Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it’s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. ____2____

　　You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents’ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. ____3____

　　When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won’t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.

　　Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. ____4____ Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person’s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.

　　But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with ― this means you can’t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn’t caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person’s body ― sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. ____5____

　　詞匯：

　　viral 病毒(性)的;病毒引起的 infection 感染

　　sugary 糖的;含糖的;甜的;太甜的 contagious 觸染的;傳染的

　　insulin 胰島素 diabetes 糖尿病 glucose 葡萄糖

　　hormone 激素，荷爾蒙 pancreas 膜(腺)

　　onset 開始 juvenile 少年的

　　注釋：

　　1.insulin-dependent diabetes：胰島素依賴型糖尿病

　　2.on its own：獨(dú)立地，靠自己的力量

　　3.non-insulin-dependent diabetes：非胰島素依賴型糖尿病

　　4.adult-onset diabetes：成人型糖尿病

　　5.juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes：少年型(胰島素依賴型)糖尿病

　　6.to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin：通過對(duì)胰腺中生成胰島素的細(xì)胞的影響而導(dǎo)致糖尿病的發(fā)作

　　練習(xí)：

　　A　Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you’re born.

　　B　This sugar-fuel is called glucose.

　　C　It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.

　　D　You can’t catch diabetes from people who have it, no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.

　　E　The glucose can’t get into the cells of the body without insulin.

　　F　When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person’s body needs more than the pancreas can make.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B　文章第一句講，人進(jìn)食后，身體便會(huì)從食物中獲得糖并將其轉(zhuǎn)化成燃料。接下來應(yīng)首選對(duì)這種糖燃料加以解釋的句子。

　　2.E　前兩句講到，患胰島素依賴型糖尿病的病人，其胰腺不能生成胰島素，因此，盡管某人進(jìn)食大量食物并獲取所需的全部葡萄糖，但沒有胰島素，身體就無(wú)法利用這些葡萄糖獲取能量。也就是說，沒有胰島素，葡萄糖就不能進(jìn)入身體的細(xì)胞內(nèi)。

　　3.F　此段的前幾句主要講非胰島素依賴型糖尿病，并指出它不同于胰島素依賴型糖尿病。二者之間的主要區(qū)別是什么呢?回答這個(gè)問題的句子應(yīng)當(dāng)首選。

　　4.A　前一句講，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，患少年型糖尿病的人出生時(shí)就具有某個(gè)或者某些使其易患此病的基因。基因是什么呢?回答這問題的句子當(dāng)然應(yīng)該首選A。

　　5.D　前一句說明了糖尿病不具有觸染性，接下來應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)該句加以闡釋的句子。

　　譯文：什么是胰島素依賴型糖尿病?

　　你在吃東西時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)從食物中獲得糖并將其轉(zhuǎn)化成燃料。這種糖燃料就是葡萄糖。你的身體通過葡糖糖產(chǎn)生能量，這使你能夠做從呼吸道打電子游戲的任何事情，但葡糖糖不能直接被身體利用――它需要通過一種叫胰島素的荷爾蒙來將其運(yùn)送到身體的細(xì)胞中。

　　大多數(shù)人通過胃旁邊的一個(gè)大型器官――胰中獲得所需的胰島素。胰腺生成胰島素;胰島素把葡糖糖運(yùn)送至細(xì)胞后肌體獲得其所需能量。胰島素依賴型糖尿病人的胰腺不能生成胰島素，因此，盡管他大量進(jìn)食并獲取所需的全部葡糖糖，但沒有胰島素，身體就無(wú)法利用這些葡糖糖獲取能量。沒有胰島素，葡糖糖就不能進(jìn)入身體的細(xì)胞內(nèi)。

　　你可以聽到過老人談?wù)撎悄虿?，可能有些老人與你的祖父母年齡相仿。一般說來，這是一種不同類型的糖尿病，叫作非胰島素依賴型糖尿病，也叫Ⅱ型糖尿病或成人型糖尿病?；歼@種糖尿病的人，其胰腺仍能生成胰島素，但它滿足不了身體對(duì)胰島素的需求量。

　　當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子被診斷為少年型(胰島素依賴型)糖尿病時(shí)，他將終生都患該種糖尿病，而且不會(huì)隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而變成非胰島素依賴型糖尿病。

　　科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為患青少年型糖尿病的人出生時(shí)就具有某個(gè)或某些使其易患此病的基因。基因是從父母那里遺傳得來的，它在人出生前就存在于其體內(nèi)。許多科學(xué)家還認(rèn)為，除了有某種基因外，一些人體外部的原因，比如病毒感染，通過對(duì)胰腺中生成胰島素的細(xì)胞施加影響，也是導(dǎo)致糖尿病發(fā)作的必要因素。

　　但人們必須首先具有導(dǎo)致糖尿病發(fā)作的基因，這就是說你不會(huì)因?yàn)榈昧鞲?、感染病毒或是因著涼得上糖尿病。而且，這種類型的糖尿病也不是因?yàn)槌蕴鹗尺^多。人得上糖尿病需要比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，有時(shí)要幾個(gè)月或幾年。另外很重要的一點(diǎn)是糖尿病不具有觸染性，不管你坐得與糖尿病患者多斤或是與他們親吻，都不會(huì)從他們身上傳染到糖尿病。

　　2014年職稱英語(yǔ)考前復(fù)習(xí)必讀攻略 2014年職稱英語(yǔ)老師輔導(dǎo)輕松通關(guān)