2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(理工類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文17

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　　A Sunshade for the Planet

　　Even with the best will1 in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.

　　Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse2, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming. “I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin.

　　Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1. 8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.

　　詞匯：

　　emission 發(fā)射，發(fā)射物 heroin 海洛因

　　complacency 滿足 hospitalization 住院治療

　　thwart 反對(duì)，阻撓 rehab 接受康復(fù)治療

　　geoengineering 地質(zhì)工程 astronomer 天文學(xué)家

　　trillion (英、德)百萬兆 counteract 抵消;抵制

　　controversial 有爭(zhēng)議的 methadone 美沙酮，美散痛

　　deflect (使)偏轉(zhuǎn)

　　注釋:

　　1. the best will:最好的愿望

　　2. if the worst comes to the worst:如果昀昀糟糕的事情發(fā)生了。這是英式英語(yǔ)的用法，在美式英語(yǔ)中它說成 if worst comes to worst。在不同的語(yǔ)境中，有不同的譯法。如 : “If the worst comes to the worst，” Becky thought， “my retreat is secure; and I have the right-hand seat in the barouche.”蓓基想道 :“逼到昀后一條路，逃難是不怕的了，在他的大馬車?yán)?，我險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)地有一個(gè)位了?！庇秩?: If the worst comes to the worst，we’ll sell the car.大不了我們把車賣了。

　　3. scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves:科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀挥行┎粸槿怂恼袛?shù)。 have something up one’s sleeve是英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，意思是 : to have a secret idea or plan,有錦囊妙計(jì)，有所保留的，秘而不宣的謀略或計(jì)劃，例如 : If this trip doesn’t work out I've still got a few ideas up my sleeve.

　　4. methadone:美沙酮，一種有效的合成麻醉藥，它不像嗎啡或海洛因那樣容易讓人上癮，在戒毒治療中被用作這些毒品的替代品。

　　練習(xí):

　　1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that

　　A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.

　　B to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission.

　　C despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.

　　D actions suggested by scientists will never he realized.

　　2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don’t want people to

　　A know what they are doing.

　　B feel their efforts are useless

　　C think the problem has been solved.

　　D see the real problem.

　　3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?

　　A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.

　　B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.

　　C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.

　　D Methadone and heroin arc equally effective in treating a heroin addict.

　　4. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?

　　A To ask governments to take stronger measures.

　　B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.

　　C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.

　　D To decrease greenhouse gases.

　　5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph?

　　A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.

　　B It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays.

　　C It is a controversial method.

　　D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

　　答案與題解 :

　　1. C 短文第一段講了防止地球變曖是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，第二段說，盡管如此，科學(xué)家還是有些辦法，所以 C是正確選擇。 A是錯(cuò)誤選擇，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為政府和一些利益集團(tuán)阻礙了科學(xué)家所倡導(dǎo)的行動(dòng)的實(shí)施; B不是作者的觀點(diǎn); D也不是正確選擇，因?yàn)榈谝欢蔚年篮笠痪洹?might not be implemented soon enough”并不表明永遠(yuǎn)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　2. C 文章的第二段說，即使昀糟糕的情況發(fā)生，科學(xué)家還是有幾招的。但他們不希望討論他們的招數(shù)，因?yàn)榭峙氯藗儾辉儆形C(jī)感而削弱徹底解決問題的努力。所以 C是正確選擇。

　　3. A文章的第二段 Stehgen Schneider教授將自己解決地球變暖問題的辦法比作美沙酮。因?yàn)樵诎a君子拒絕正常住院治療時(shí)，服用美沙酮是一種緩解海洛因毒癮的有效方法。所以 A是正確的選擇。

　　4. C文章昀后一段的第一個(gè)句子提供的答案。

　　5. D 短文昀后一段描述了“ sunscreen”如何解決地球變暖問題。盡管有爭(zhēng)議，但是研究證明，“太陽(yáng)屏”能反射和阻礙陽(yáng)光，起到抵消由溫室效應(yīng)引起的地球升溫。昀后一段的第三和第四句是理解這個(gè)問題的關(guān)鍵。 D不是文章所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以是正確答案。

　　譯文：地球防曬霜

　　就算懷著最美好的愿望，僅僅減少二氧化碳的排放量還是不能制止全球變暖。很明顯，即便采取最強(qiáng)硬的措施來控制排放，氣候的變化無常仍能導(dǎo)致極速變暖和海平面上升。另一方面，受到政府和特殊利益群體的阻撓，氣候?qū)W家往往不能將措施很快實(shí)施徹底。

　　幸好，如果被逼上絕路，科學(xué)家們還有最后幾招。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們拒絕討論這些措施，害怕人們會(huì)因此沾沾自喜而使這個(gè)問題不能被徹底解決。至少目前是這樣。越來越多的研究者相信一項(xiàng)大型的地質(zhì)工程建設(shè)可用來抵御全球變暖。斯坦福大學(xué)的一位氣象學(xué)家 Stephen Schneider是很早提出氣候變暖這項(xiàng)議題的學(xué)者之一。他說，“我把它比作美沙酮。如果你那里有一個(gè)海洛因上癮者，那么正確的治療方法就是住院，接受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的康復(fù)治療。拒絕正常住院治療，那服用美沙酮是一種緩解海洛因毒癮的有效方法?！?/P>

　　總體思路是給地球也涂上防曬箱。一個(gè)天文學(xué)家突發(fā)奇想，想借此冷卻地球：發(fā)射億萬輕如羽毛的碟片進(jìn)入太空形成巨大“云層”以阻礙太陽(yáng)光。這個(gè)想法備受爭(zhēng)議，但最近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到這地球表面的陽(yáng)光以抵消溫室效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣候變暖。全球氣候模型表明，阻斷百分之一點(diǎn)八的太陽(yáng)能剛好可以抵消大氣中雙倍的溫室氣體所引起的氣候變暖現(xiàn)象。這個(gè)想法影響深遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)榧词共扇∽顕?yán)格的控制氣體排放措施，到本世紀(jì)末，二氧化碳量仍會(huì)翻倍。并且，這種情況將再持續(xù)至少一個(gè)世紀(jì)。

　　2014年職稱英語(yǔ)考前復(fù)習(xí)必讀攻略 2014年職稱英語(yǔ)老師輔導(dǎo)輕松通關(guān)