2016年職稱英語《綜合類A級》基礎(chǔ)語法復(fù)習(xí)(4)
2016年職稱英語《綜合類A級》基礎(chǔ)語法復(fù)習(xí)匯總,供考生參考。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個重要問題用實例說明一下:
關(guān)于"不定式"作后置狀語的舉例(注意黑體字部分的表達形式):
1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她氣得連話都說不出來了。)
2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我與她不太熟悉,不便請她幫忙。)
3) She was too angry to say anything.(她氣得什么都說不出來了。)
4) I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3)的區(qū)別:only too與happy, pleased, glad 等詞使用時,表示"非常":我非常愿意幫助你(能幫助你真是太高興了)。
5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果:我們在雨中等了近3個小時,結(jié)果被告知約會取消了。)
6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地說,他最近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達方式還有:
to tell the truth(說實話), to be frank(老實說),to go without saying (不用說 / 毫無疑問) 等。
關(guān)于分詞做后置狀語的舉例 (注意括號中句子的演變過程):
1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟發(fā)來的一份電子郵件,(郵件上)說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)
2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些病人會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重感染,導(dǎo)致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)
3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進辦公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)
關(guān)于"動詞不定式"的補充說明:
1) 前面講到:"動詞不定式"的完成式表示過去時,它常在以下句型中出現(xiàn):
(主語)+ be said / reported / believed / supposed to have (been) done
(主語)+ seem to have (been) done
(主語)+ be likely to have (been) done
當(dāng)考試時看到這樣的句型出現(xiàn),首先要考慮是否是"動詞不定式"的完成式
2) 注意"動詞不定式" to與介詞to的區(qū)別,即:是to + 動詞,還是to + 名詞或動名詞(-ing)。"第二講五個基本句型"中已經(jīng)提到:object to / look forward to / be (get) accustomed (used) to / be subjected to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / agree to等中的to是介詞。
當(dāng)考試時看到這樣的表達方式出現(xiàn),首先要考慮選擇-ing形式(一般不會給純名詞形式)
關(guān)于on + ing 形式和with (without) + 分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
1)on + ing 形式:一般將介詞on + -ing形式理解為"分詞"(要有行為主體)而不是"動名詞",意為 "當(dāng)…時","一…就…",相當(dāng)于when 或as soon as,例如:
On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一聽到這個消息,她一下子哭了起來。)
錯:On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京,就開始下起大雨來了。)
由于句子的主語it并不是arriving的行為主體,該句語法不成立??梢愿臑椋?/p>
No sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.
2) with (without) + 分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她開著燈誰著了。)
Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered with mud and sweat.(孩子們幾乎每天回家時手上臉上都是泥和汗。)
當(dāng)這樣的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞為 "be" 動詞時,往往省略,例如:
Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天,這位老教師夾著個破包走進教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)
關(guān)于-ing和-ed形容詞
當(dāng)一個動詞后面加上-ing或-ed就可以是一個形容詞,其基本概念還是-ing為主動語態(tài),-ed為被動語態(tài),例如:a sleeping child (一個正在睡覺的孩子),a wounded soldier (一個受傷的戰(zhàn)士) .
一些帶有感情色彩的動詞,由于人的感情是"被刺激"后產(chǎn)生的,故一般用-ed形式,而外界的刺激物則用-ing形式,例如:I was moved deeply; the film was really moving. (我深受感動;這部電影真是感人。)
the + 形容詞(包括-ed形容詞)→ 名詞(可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)), 例如:
the wounded (傷員)/ the disabled(殘疾人)
關(guān)于現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞
如前所述,現(xiàn)代語法并不強調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的區(qū)別,建議學(xué)生"忘掉"動名詞,特別是應(yīng)試。但記住下面的規(guī)定:
She regrets ______ idle when (she was) young. (她后悔年輕時無所事事。)
A. to have been
B. her being
C. her having being
D. having been
解題思路:1)regret后一般接ing形式,除非regret to tell / say, 故A不能選;2)當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致時,不要再加邏輯主語了,故正確答案為D,比較:Tom insisted on my going with him. (Tom堅持要我和他一起去。)
非謂語動詞講了這么多內(nèi)容,解題時始終不忘:
1) 分清過去、現(xiàn)在和將來;
2) 分清主動與被動;
3) 動詞不定式的完成式表示過去時;
4) 見"for"要用完成式;
5) 否定式not要放在to / -ing / -ed的前面
只要記住以上要點,非謂語動詞的解題就不會出大的問題。
編輯推薦:
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及論壇,我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!
最新資訊
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)補全短文2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)概括大意2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)完形填空2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)詞匯選項2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)完形填空2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合A類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)詞匯選項2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)概括大意2017-08-10
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)閱讀判斷2017-08-10
- 職稱英語理工類閱讀理解練習(xí)八2017-06-12
- 職稱英語理工類閱讀理解練習(xí)七2017-06-12