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2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)(5)

更新時(shí)間:2015-12-10 11:50:58 來(lái)源:環(huán)球網(wǎng)校 瀏覽56收藏11
摘要 2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)匯總 2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)匯總,供考生參考?! ∠旅姘逊侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中其他幾個(gè)重要問(wèn)題用實(shí)例說(shuō)明一下:  關(guān)于"不定式"作后置狀語(yǔ)的舉例(注
2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)匯總
          2016年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)匯總,供考生參考。

  下面把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中其他幾個(gè)重要問(wèn)題用實(shí)例說(shuō)明一下:

  關(guān)于"不定式"作后置狀語(yǔ)的舉例(注意黑體字部分的表達(dá)形式):

  1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她氣得連話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。)

  2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我與她不太熟悉,不便請(qǐng)她幫忙。)

  3) She was too angry to say anything.(她氣得什么都說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。)

  4) I'm only too glad to help you.

  注意與例3)的區(qū)別:only too與happy, pleased, glad 等詞使用時(shí),表示"非常":我非常愿意幫助你(能幫助你真是太高興了)。

  5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果:我們?cè)谟曛械攘私?個(gè)小時(shí),結(jié)果被告知約會(huì)取消了。)

  6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地說(shuō),他最近工作一直非常努力。類(lèi)似的表達(dá)方式還有:

  to tell the truth(說(shuō)實(shí)話), to be frank(老實(shí)說(shuō)),to go without saying (不用說(shuō) / 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)) 等。

  關(guān)于分詞做后置狀語(yǔ)的舉例 (注意括號(hào)中句子的演變過(guò)程):

  1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟發(fā)來(lái)的一份電子郵件,(郵件上)說(shuō)她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)

  2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些病人會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重感染,導(dǎo)致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)

  3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進(jìn)辦公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)

  關(guān)于"動(dòng)詞不定式"的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:

  1) 前面講到:"動(dòng)詞不定式"的完成式表示過(guò)去時(shí),它常在以下句型中出現(xiàn):

  (主語(yǔ))+ be said / reported / believed / supposed to have (been) done

  (主語(yǔ))+ seem to have (been) done

  (主語(yǔ))+ be likely to have (been) done

  當(dāng)考試時(shí)看到這樣的句型出現(xiàn),首先要考慮是否是"動(dòng)詞不定式"的完成式

  2) 注意"動(dòng)詞不定式" to與介詞to的區(qū)別,即:是to + 動(dòng)詞,還是to + 名詞或動(dòng)名詞(-ing)。"第二講五個(gè)基本句型"中已經(jīng)提到:object to / look forward to / be (get) accustomed (used) to / be subjected to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / agree to等中的to是介詞。

  當(dāng)考試時(shí)看到這樣的表達(dá)方式出現(xiàn),首先要考慮選擇-ing形式(一般不會(huì)給純名詞形式)

  關(guān)于on + ing 形式和with (without) + 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

  1)on + ing 形式:一般將介詞on + -ing形式理解為"分詞"(要有行為主體)而不是"動(dòng)名詞",意為 "當(dāng)…時(shí)","一…就…",相當(dāng)于when 或as soon as,例如:

  On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,她一下子哭了起來(lái)。)

  錯(cuò):On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京,就開(kāi)始下起大雨來(lái)了。)

  由于句子的主語(yǔ)it并不是arriving的行為主體,該句語(yǔ)法不成立??梢愿臑椋?/p>

  No sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.

  2) with (without) + 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

  She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她開(kāi)著燈誰(shuí)著了。)

  Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered with mud and sweat.(孩子們幾乎每天回家時(shí)手上臉上都是泥和汗。)

  當(dāng)這樣的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞為 "be" 動(dòng)詞時(shí),往往省略,例如:

  Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天,這位老教師夾著個(gè)破包走進(jìn)教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)

  關(guān)于-ing和-ed形容詞

  當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加上-ing或-ed就可以是一個(gè)形容詞,其基本概念還是-ing為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),-ed為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),例如:a sleeping child (一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子),a wounded soldier (一個(gè)受傷的戰(zhàn)士) .

  一些帶有感情色彩的動(dòng)詞,由于人的感情是"被刺激"后產(chǎn)生的,故一般用-ed形式,而外界的刺激物則用-ing形式,例如:I was moved deeply; the film was really moving. (我深受感動(dòng);這部電影真是感人。)

  the + 形容詞(包括-ed形容詞)→ 名詞(可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)), 例如:

  the wounded (傷員)/ the disabled(殘疾人)

  關(guān)于現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞

  如前所述,現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法并不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別,建議學(xué)生"忘掉"動(dòng)名詞,特別是應(yīng)試。但記住下面的規(guī)定:

  She regrets ______ idle when (she was) young. (她后悔年輕時(shí)無(wú)所事事。)

  A. to have been

  B. her being

  C. her having being

  D. having been

  解題思路:1)regret后一般接ing形式,除非regret to tell / say, 故A不能選;2)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),不要再加邏輯主語(yǔ)了,故正確答案為D,比較:Tom insisted on my going with him. (Tom堅(jiān)持要我和他一起去。)

  非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講了這么多內(nèi)容,解題時(shí)始終不忘:

  1) 分清過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái);

  2) 分清主動(dòng)與被動(dòng);

  3) 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示過(guò)去時(shí);

  4) 見(jiàn)"for"要用完成式;

  5) 否定式not要放在to / -ing / -ed的前面

  只要記住以上要點(diǎn),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解題就不會(huì)出大的問(wèn)題。

   編輯推薦:

2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試必備句型匯總

2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)解析動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)匯總

2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)解析動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)匯總

2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)匯總

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