2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類綜合練習第二套

　　環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名，本文整理“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類綜合練習第二套”,供考生參考練習。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

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　　閱讀判斷

　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑

　　Fermi Problem

　　On a Monday morning in July, the world's first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later, the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi's death in 1954,no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.

　　Like all virtuosos, Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits--talent we all can use in our daily lives.

　　To develop this talent in his students. Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven't the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can come close to the exact solution.

　　Suppose you want to determine Earth's circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3,000 or 24,000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less than four percent.

　　Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn't matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it, deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.

　　16　Fermi's team was impressed by Fermi's announcement in the base camp because he could even work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　17　Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　18　Dividing a big problem into small problems is a talent Fermi had and a talent that has practical value in life.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　19　Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable problem into sub-problems and finding the solution to it, which is a typical Fermi problem.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　20　Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the problem of earth's circumference without looking up.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　21　The last paragraph concludes the whole writing by stressing the value of important inventions and small discoveries.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　22　Fermi was famous for inventing a device to calculate bomb's energy accurately.

　　A　Right

　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

　　第二部分：

　　16　A答案在第一段中可以找到。Fermi在作了一番mental calculation以后，得出了該原子彈具有相當于10，000噸TNT的爆炸力。

　　17　B Fermi在1938年獲諾貝爾獎，四年以后才建立核鎖反應。

　　18　A第二段的第三句是答案的依據(jù)。這個句子是：He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small，manageable bits--talent we all can use in our daily lives.

　　19　A答案的依據(jù)是第三段的內(nèi)容。第一句中的this talent指第二段提到的將難以解決的問題分解成幾個容易處理的小問題。第三段對這種解決問題的方法又進一步作了描寫。

　　20　B第四段是為第二段和第三段的內(nèi)容提供實際例子，即Fermi problem的實際運用，并不是Fermi本人運用Fermi解決問題的方法約略推算出地球的周長。

　　21　B最后一段是全篇的結(jié)論，強調(diào)了Fermi problem的價值：the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions。

　　22　C文章根本沒有提到他發(fā)明了一臺能精確計量炸彈能量的儀器。

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　　概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1、3、4、6段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上

　　Adult Education

　　1　Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-under-standing, or develop new talents and skills.

　　2　This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.

　　3　Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

　　4　The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s,with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.

　　5　People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

　　23　Paragraph 2 __________

　　24　Paragraph.3 __________

　　25　Paragraph 4 __________

　　26　Paragraph 5 __________ A　Necessity for developing adult education

　　B　Early days of adult education

　　C　Ways of receiving adult education

　　D　Growth of adult education

　　E　Institutions of adult education

　　F　Definition of adult education

　　27　Some adults want to learn __________.

　　28　There are various forms of adult education, including __________.

　　29　Adult education has been made necessary __________.

　　30　The earliest organized adult education __________. A　by social and economic changes

　　B　guided self-study and correspondence courses

　　C　by studying together with children

　　D　what they did not manage to learn earlier

　　E　dates hack to the eighteenth century

　　F　mass production

　　第三部分：

　　23　C本段的主題是成人教育的不同方式。

　　24　A本段從社會、經(jīng)濟、工業(yè)等因素介紹了發(fā)展成人教育的必要性。

　　25　B本段介紹了早期的有組織的成人教育計劃。

　　26　D本段簡述了人們對成人教育的認識和成人教育的發(fā)展。

　　27　D動詞learn后面缺的是它的賓語，填入的是個由what引導的賓語從句。

　　28　B including提示后面要求填入的是前面說的成人教育的各種形式中的若干種。

　　29　A has been made necessary被動式的出現(xiàn)說明后面很可能會跟一個by短語，當然從意義上考慮不應該是C。

　　30　E date是動詞，date back to的意思是“追溯到……”。

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　　第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。

　　第一篇

　　Forecasting Methods

　　There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.

　　The first of these methods is the persistence method;the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.

　　The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.

　　The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.

　　The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.

　　31　What factor is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method? __________

　　A　Imagination of the forecaster.

　　B　Necessary amount of information.

　　C　Practical knowledge of the forecaster.

　　D　Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.

　　32　Persistence method will work well __________.

　　A　if weather conditions change greatly from day to day

　　B　if weather conditions do not change much

　　C　on sunny days

　　D　on rainy days

　　33　The limitation of the trends method is the same as the persistence method in that __________.

　　A　it makes predications about weather

　　B　it makes predications about precipitation

　　C　the weather features need to be well defined

　　D　the weather features need to be constant for a long period of time

　　34　Which method may involve historical weather data? __________

　　A　The trends method.

　　B　The analog method.

　　C　Both climatology method and analog method.

　　D　The trends method and the persistence method.

　　35　It will be impossible to make weather forecast using the analog method __________.

　　A　when the current weather scenario differs from the analog

　　B　when the current weather scenario is the same as the analog

　　C　when the analog is over ten years old

　　D　when the analog is a simple repetition of the current weather scenario

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　　補全短文

　　閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。

　　You Need Courage!

　　Shortly after I began a career in business，I learned that Carl Weatherup president of PepsiCo (百事可樂公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment.46

　　So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students... and talking, and talking.47 He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.

　　I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. “You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2: 30 pm.” I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (過道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. 48 Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now Sitting, holding my breath.

　　49 He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. 50 When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.

　　A　I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.

　　B　As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.

　　C　I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.

　　D　He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world.

　　E　I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.

　　F　I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

　　第五部分：

　　46　E文章的第一段談到，“我”得知百事公司的老總要在科羅拉多大學講學，就設法得到了約見他的機會。接下去應該是E，這是一個轉(zhuǎn)折，“我” 雖然得到了約見他的機會，但在他作完演講之后卻只有15分鐘的時間。所以，在第二段的開頭才會出現(xiàn)：“我”在大學禮堂外面等候的描述。E與前后連貫，所以是答案。

　　47　C第二段開頭描述“我”在禮堂外面等候的情況。第二個句子談到，“我”能聽到他給學生們講話，他講啊講……最后一個句子提到，他已經(jīng)超過了五分鐘了。在第二句和最后一句之間應該是C，“我大為吃驚，他該停的時候沒停”。

　　48　F第三段講“我”在名片后面寫了個便條提醒他還有個約會，然后推開門，向他走去。接下去很自然應該是F，把名片遞給他。

　　49　A第四段談到，百事的老總看了看名片，又看了看我，……他笑了。他笑了，說明他同意和我談話，所以，接下去應該是A。

　　50　D第五段第二個句子談到，他所給“我”的也是“我”最珍視的，就是他鼓勵“我”繼續(xù)按照“我”做過的做法做。“我”作過的做法就是有膽量打斷一個總裁的演講，所以，接下去應該是D，是總裁對“我”所作鼓勵的具體內(nèi)容。

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　　完型填空

　　閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應的位置上。

　　Cell Phone Lets Your Secret out

　　Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and 51 that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.

　　DNA is genetic material that 52 in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- 53 you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left 54 at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify 55 and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you 56 you might think.

　　Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the 57 This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones-even when no blood was involved. 58 she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect 59 traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the 60, which is placed at the user's ear.

　　The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly 61 alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got, Heir phones 62 for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.

　　The scientists discovered DNA that 63 to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. 64, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the 65 of clues that can clinch a crime-scene investigation.

　　A　numbers

　　B　music

　　C　secrets

　　D　films

　　A　appeals

　　B　appoint

　　C　appears

　　D　applies

　　A　because

　　B　unless

　　C　although

　　D　still

　　A　about

　　B　in

　　C　for

　　D　behind

　　A　criminals

　　B　people

　　C　men

　　D　policemen

　　A　when

　　B　until

　　C　before

　　D　than

　　A　device

　　B　paper

　　C　file

　　D　document

　　A　However

　　B　So

　　C　But

　　D　Nevertheless

　　A　invisible

　　B　non-existent

　　C　visible

　　D　apparent

　　A　card

　　B　keys

　　C　screen

　　D　speaker

　　A　of

　　B　up

　　C　on

　　D　into

　　A　upon

　　B　back

　　C　without

　　D　with

　　A　was given

　　B　belonged

　　C　was owned

　　D　became

　　A　Generally

　　B　Surprisingly

　　C　Disappointedly

　　D　Shortly

　　A　explanation

　　B　discovery

　　C　book

　　D　list

　　第六部分：

　　文章大意：你的手機承載著你的秘密。一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，手機里除了存有你輸入的名字和號碼外，還留有你的微量DNA(脫氧核糖核酸)。因此，現(xiàn)在手機可以作為協(xié)助犯罪現(xiàn)場調(diào)查得出定論的線索之一。

　　51　A人們通常在手機中儲存人名和他們的電話號碼。所以A是最佳選擇。雖然手機中也能儲存音樂和秘密信息，相比之下，不如A合理。至于儲存電影，就有點離譜了。

　　52　C這個句子的意思是：DNA是一種存在于每一細胞中的基因物質(zhì)。根據(jù)這一理解，選項A、B、D均不能選作答案。

　　53　B上文的意思是：如同指紋，你的DNA是獨一無二的。因此，此處必須選擇unless，其他選擇均不符合句義，也違背了我們對DNA的基本常識。

　　54　D leave behind是固定搭配，意即：留下。此處leave使用的是過去分詞形式。

　　55　A根據(jù)上下文的理解，研究結(jié)果是用來幫助偵探識別罪犯和受害人的，B、C、D都不能表達這一層意思。

　　56　D句子中的more提供了選擇的線索，more…than的搭配最能完成該句的意思。

　　57　A定冠詞the說明該選項所指內(nèi)容在前面黃肌瘦已經(jīng)提到，即cell phone。除了device，其他選項均不能指代cell phone。

　　58　B四個選項中只有B是正確選擇。連接了其前后兩個句子，使其形成因果關系：她思考微量DNA是否會停留在手機上，所以，她與同事們一起對10名志愿者的翻蓋手機進行了分析研究。A、C、D表示的都是轉(zhuǎn)折的意義關系。

　　59　A句子當中的traces指的是DNA traces(微量DNA)，而DNA traces是肉眼看不到的，所以選擇invisible

　　60　D研究者從手機的兩部分收集手機微量DNA：一是手機外殼，二是喇叭。貼在耳朵上的不可能是card、screen和keys。

　　61　A be made of是固定搭配，意即：由…制成。a solution made mostly of alcohol：一種主要由酒精制成的溶液。

　　62　B根據(jù)上下文的理解，應該選擇back：手機擁有者拿回了手機，再使用一個星期。

　　63　B該句要表達的意思應該是：科學家在每一個手機上發(fā)現(xiàn)了屬于手機擁有者的DNA。belong to是固定搭配，意思是：屬于。A不符合句義，C和D不符合語法。

　　64　B最后一段的第一和第二句告訴我們手機經(jīng)過清洗后仍然有微量DNA出現(xiàn)。所以這里要用surprisin9這個副詞，表示令人驚訝。

　　65　D根據(jù)上下文的理解，應該選擇list，其它三個選項與句子的意思不符。

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