自考英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)資料之第七章(下)

Key words and phrases

1. elusive : a 躲避的，難以捉摸的；elude: v 躲避

2．tricky: a 狡猾的; trick; n 詭計(jì)、花招，play a trick on sb

3. oversupply: v 過(guò)多供應(yīng)；overdo, oversleep, overeat, overestimate

4. flexible: a 靈活的，柔韌的；flexibility: n 靈活；inflexible: a 不靈活的，
flextime:彈性工作時(shí)間

5. appointment: n 任命、約會(huì)；appoint sb sth; make an appointment with sb;

6. adjust: v 調(diào)整；adjustment: n ; readjustment: n 重新調(diào)整

7. underestimate: v 過(guò)低估計(jì)；overestimate: v 過(guò)高估計(jì)；estimate; v 估計(jì)；estimation: n

8. look ahead to: 展望未來(lái)

Looking ahead to 21st century, what shall we do?

9. hang up: 把。。。掛起來(lái)；掛斷電話；延遲

She hang up before I could explain to her.

A thick fog hang up all flights.

10.work out: 作出；制訂出

I can’t work out the meaning of this poet because it’s too vague.

11. kid Sb into doing sth: 欺騙某人做某事
He kidded that boy into doing sth illegal for him.

12. stick with: 堅(jiān)持、繼續(xù)
I stick with my original idea.

Analyze the difficult sentences:

1. There is a message that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear.(P1)

翻譯：有一條信息要傳達(dá)給你，重要的是，這條信息響亮而且清楚地傳到你的耳際。

分析：該句是and連接的并列句，在后一分句中，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，it形式主語(yǔ)，loud and clear是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

2. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations. (P3)

翻譯：你可能會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)，你所剩的不多的時(shí)間已無(wú)法延長(zhǎng)以便完成所有應(yīng)做的工作。

分析：該句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，you have left是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the little time；
to cover all your obligations是目的狀語(yǔ)。

3. It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study. (P6)

翻譯：重要的不是你給學(xué)習(xí)分配了多少時(shí)間，而是你學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)真正學(xué)到了多少東西。

分析：事實(shí)上該句的主體結(jié)構(gòu)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句（請(qǐng)參考本講的語(yǔ)法）。原句是：How mush time you allocate for study does not count, but how much you learn when you do study counts.

4. The more time you waste, the easier it is to continue wasting time. (P7)

翻譯：你浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間越多，你就越容易繼續(xù)浪費(fèi)。

分析：這個(gè)句型大家一定很熟悉了：the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí)。
The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged。對(duì)此追求得越認(rèn)真，就越有可能鼓勵(lì)人們對(duì)待休閑和學(xué)業(yè)持積極態(tài)度。

5. They refuse to accept the fact that college life demands some degree of time control. (P8)

翻譯：他們不愿意承認(rèn)大學(xué)生活需要某種程度的時(shí)間控制。

分析：注意該句中的that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，具體解釋the fact. 詞組：refuse to do sth;

6. The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. (P11)

翻譯：筆記本的主要目的是幫助你制定每周的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度表。

分析：這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中表語(yǔ)是不定式，含有將來(lái)意味。 如：
My plan is to go fishing after class.
His dream is to become a doctor.
Our hope is to hold a successful Olympics.

7. Overestimate, if possible, so that emergencies that arise don’t hang you up. (P12)

翻譯：如果可能的話，把時(shí)間估計(jì)得長(zhǎng)一些，以免出現(xiàn)緊急情況，耽誤了你的進(jìn)程。

分析：so that以便。。。，表目的；that arise是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾emergencies。單詞arise = appear出現(xiàn)。Hang sb up耽誤、延遲

8. How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors:…. (P13)

翻譯：每一堂課安排多少時(shí)間取決于四個(gè)因素。。。

分析：該句的主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句：How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。還請(qǐng)注意語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題。

9. A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of properly. (P14)

翻譯：一份好的日程表必須有一點(diǎn)彈性，使特別的項(xiàng)目得到適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚怼?/P>

分析：請(qǐng)注意give的含義：彈性。

10. This is a sound principle to follow, so keep it in mind as you prepare your first schedule. (P15)

翻譯：這是需要遵從的合理原則，因此當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備第一份日程表時(shí)就要把它記在心里。

分析：sound意思是合理的；to follow是不定式定語(yǔ)，修飾principle；keep sth in mind牢記住。。。；as you …是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

11. This will only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects. (P16)

翻譯：這不僅可以保持學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，而且可以使你了解你的課程任務(wù)和項(xiàng)目的當(dāng)前情況。

分析：keep …alive使。。。起作用；keep sb up to sth使某人了解。。。； not only…but also是并列連詞，因此前后內(nèi)容平衡。

12. Once you have it prepared, you must stick with it. (P17)

翻譯：一旦你制定了計(jì)劃，就必須堅(jiān)持，切實(shí)地遵守。

分析：once引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，have sth done句型，使某事被做； stick with sth堅(jiān)持。。。

last week I had my computer fixed.

Grammar: 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭, 是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式, 下面簡(jiǎn)單歸納它的幾種結(jié)構(gòu):

1. 用助動(dòng)詞"do（does／did）＋動(dòng)詞原形"來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào):

He does know the place well.

他的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。

Do write to me when you get there.

你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來(lái)信。

2. 用形容詞very, only, single, such等修飾名詞或形容詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣:

That's the very textbook we used last term.

這正是我們上學(xué)期用過(guò)的教材。

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.

你是這里唯一會(huì)講漢語(yǔ)的人。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morni ng.

今天上午這個(gè)商店里連一個(gè)人都沒(méi)有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels?

你怎么敢買(mǎi)這么貴的寶石呢?

3. 用in the world, on earth, at all等介詞短語(yǔ)可以表達(dá)更強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)氣（常用于疑問(wèn)句）: 

Where in the world could he be?他到底會(huì)在哪兒?
What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?
Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?

4. 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: "It is（was）＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分"來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的意愿: 此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。

(1) 一般情況用It is(was)……that…如:
He read three books in the library yesterday.
我們分別可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:
It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

(2) 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí), 可用that, 也可用who; 指物時(shí), 只用what, 如:
It was Tom who(that)I met last week.
It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.

(3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:
It is at 5 o'clock that the train will arrive.

(4) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí), 注意句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
It is he who is late. 　It is they that were late.

(5) 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為"Is (was) it + that…?"; 特殊疑問(wèn)句為: "特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ is (was) +that…?"結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Was it ten years ago that his father died?
他的父親是十年前去世的嗎?
When is it that you will set off?
你到底什么時(shí)候出發(fā)?

(6) "not…until…"句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為"It is not until…that…"應(yīng)注意把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到until前面。如:
I didn't go home until rain stopped.
直到雨停了我才回家。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句為: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
I didn't know the news until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道那個(gè)消息。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句為: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news

例題：原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn): It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

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