A new study strengthens the theory that men often feel threatened when they have female bosses — so much so that they respond aggressively。

一項新的研究鞏固了這樣一個理論——當老板為女性時，男性通常會感到受到了威脅，這種感覺太過強烈以至于他們會做出極具進攻性的回應(yīng)。

Men pushed for bigger salaries when negotiating with a woman, and while they were happy to offer the lion's share of a bonus to a male boss, they were far less generous to a female supervisor。

當與女性協(xié)商工資的時候，男性會想要更高的工資;而當他們與男性老板商談時則很樂意奉獻出自己紅利的最大分額——他們對于男性管理者要慷慨大方得多。

The findings add to an already large body of evidence supporting the idea that men, in general, don't like being bossed around by women, says Ekaterina Netchaeva, an assistant professor of management and technology at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, who led the study。

意大利米蘭博科尼大學的一位管理與技術(shù)的教授助理葉卡捷琳娜·內(nèi)特查耶娃發(fā)起了這項研究并稱，這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)為支持這樣一種現(xiàn)象提供了大量的證據(jù)——通常情況下，男性不喜歡被女性頤氣指使地對待。

That's important to understand as women take on more and more management positions, Netchaeva and colleagues write in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin。

內(nèi)特查耶娃和他的同事們在《人格與社會心理公報》上寫道，隨著女性占領(lǐng)了越來越多的管理層的職位，理解也變得越發(fā)重要。

"Even men who support gender equality may see these advances as a threat to their masculinity, whether they consciously acknowledge it or not," Netchaeva said。

“即使是支持性別平等的男性也有可能會將這一趨勢看作對于他們男子氣概的一種威脅，無論他們有意識地承認與否。”內(nèi)特查耶娃說。

"Precarious manhood theory postulates that manhood is 'elusive' and 'tenuous'. In other words, manhood is not something that is guaranteed to be achieved with age, nor is it guaranteed to remain. Instead, men must continuously prove their manhood."

“危險男子氣概理論假定男子氣概是‘難以捉摸’且‘脆弱不堪’的。換句話說，男子氣概并不會隨著年齡而被保證能夠獲得或者保留。相反，男性必須不斷地證明自己的男子氣概。”

The findings have big real-world implications, Netchaeva said. "The ideal woman is not perceived as having what it takes for a leadership role," her team wrote. "Indeed, research suggests that the mere indication that a female leader is successful in her position leads to increased ratings of her selfishness, deceitfulness, and coldness."

內(nèi)特查耶娃說，這些研究具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義。“理想的女性并不被認為能夠勝任領(lǐng)導角色，”他的團隊寫道。“事實上，研究僅僅表明了女性領(lǐng)導者在其崗位上的成功導致了對于她的自私、狡詐已經(jīng)冷漠的評分的增加。”

"In an ideal world, men and organizations would be concerned by these findings and adjust their behavior accordingly. But if they don't, where does that leave women?" Netchaeva said. "Given the strong societal norms surrounding masculinity, it may be difficult for men to recognize or change their behavior."

“在一個理想的世界中，男性和組織機構(gòu)會關(guān)注這些研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整他們的行為舉止。但是如果他們不這樣做的話，女性應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對呢?”內(nèi)特查耶娃說道，“鑒于社會對于男子氣概的強烈規(guī)范，讓男人承認自己的行為有所改變并不是一件易事。”