翻譯資格考試技巧之切分與合并及歸化(二)

主從復合句的分譯

英語復合句漢譯時常在分句連接處加以切分，分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。例如：考生如果怕自己錯過考試成績查詢的話，可以 免費預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。

(1) One day， while out on the bleak moors， Pip is startled by a hulking， menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.

匹普外出在陰冷的荒原上游蕩時，一個魁梧、兇狠的男子把他嚇了一跳。這個男子威脅他，讓他立即為他送些食物來。(在who引導的從句前切分)

(2) All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of Mother‘s colleagues were killed in the uprising.

1905年，這一切都宣布結(jié)束了。在一次暴動中，媽媽的幾個同事犧牲了，醫(yī)療隊也解散了。(when處切分)

D. 其他情況的分譯

有些長句的翻譯得根據(jù)具體情況、意群的分布等進行靈活處理，合理進行切分，使譯文層次分明，觀點明確。例如：

(1) Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler appears， dirty， disheveled， and bedraggled， with a nasty cut on his chin.

突然，門猛然開了，時間旅行家出現(xiàn)。他十分骯臟，衣冠不整，滿身是泥，下巴頦被嚴重劃傷。(在appear后切分)

(2) The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them， dressed in his business suit and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way.

等到男人走過來時，女人和孩子早已挨著地上鋪開的桌布邊坐好了。男人身穿上班的套裝和背心，系著領(lǐng)帶，戴著帽子，似乎估計路上會遇到什么人似的。(分詞短語前切分)

二、合并

一般說來，英語句子要比漢語句子長，英譯漢時切分用得較多;但是較口語化的英語句子也比較短，英譯漢時有時也得用合并。合并常用于以下二種情況：

(一) 簡單句與簡單句的合并

把原文中的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句合并成一個句子。例如：

(1) She is intelligent， ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.

她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，還善于解決問題。(兩句合一)

(2) The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse， barely able to move her swollen feet.

門沒鎖上，她走了進去，呆呆地坐了下來，極度的衰弱幾乎使她無力挪動她那紅腫的雙腳。(三句合一)

(3) I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.

我把椅子挪過去坐下，開始兩腳分開，但我突然覺得這樣顯得不尊重，太不拘禮節(jié)，便把兩膝并攏，把雙手隨便地放在膝蓋上。(四句合一)

(二) 復合句的合并

把原文中的主從復合句或并列復合句譯成一個簡單句或詞組。例如：

(1) We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts.

我們將不得不應(yīng)付那些難對付的家伙。

(2) And he found himself trying to suppress a bitterness that was soul-destroying.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在竭力抑制損傷靈魂的苦澀。

(3) Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha’s.

許多條件遠不如瑪莎的人都已結(jié)了婚。

(4) The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.

每次看病的診斷似乎都和我所有的感覺完全相符。

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