2019下半年翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題

​​“一帶一路”倡議：實(shí)現(xiàn)金融互聯(lián)互通的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵渠道

開(kāi)幕致辭

國(guó)際貨幣基金組織總裁 克里斯蒂娜 • 拉加德

“一帶一路”論壇，金融互聯(lián)互通會(huì)議

Belt and Road Initiative: Two Key Channels to Achieving Financial Connectivity

Opening Remarks

By Christine Lagarde, IMF Managing Director

Belt and Road Forum Session on Financial Connectivity

April 24, 2019

Governor Yi, Minister Liu, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen — good morning! Zao Shang Hao!

易行長(zhǎng)，劉部長(zhǎng)，尊敬的嘉賓，女士們、先生們——早上好! Zao Shang Hao!考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過(guò)考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。

I would like to thank the People’s Bank of China and the Chinese Ministry of Finance for organizing this important event.

首先，我想對(duì)中國(guó)人民銀行和中國(guó)財(cái)政部組織這場(chǎng)重要的會(huì)議表示感謝。

As we meet during this beautiful springtime weather it brings to mind the words of the Chinese proverb, “ The whole year must be planned for in the spring.”

在這個(gè)美麗的春天相聚，讓人想起一句中國(guó)諺語(yǔ)——“一年之計(jì)在于春”。

Over the next three days we will consider the ways the Belt and Road Initiative — the BRI—can help better connect the world physically and financially for years to come. It is fitting that we begin these conversations with financial connectivity. Why? Because history teaches us that physical and financial connectivity go hand-in-hand.

在接下來(lái)的三天中，我們將討論未來(lái)若干年“一帶一路”倡議將如何增進(jìn)世界各國(guó)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和金融層面的互聯(lián)互通。我們不妨從金融互聯(lián)互通談起。為什么?因?yàn)闅v史告訴我們，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和金融的互聯(lián)互通是相伴而行的。

Think of the original Silk Road. The desire for trade drove merchants to travel thousands of kilometers. Over time, infrastructure in the form of bridges, buildings, and even entire new cities were built to accommodate what began as small trading posts and financial exchanges.

想想古代的絲綢之路。通商的愿景促使商人千里跋涉。隨著時(shí)間流逝，人們修建橋梁、建筑等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，甚至建起整座新城，來(lái)滿足最初規(guī)模較小的貿(mào)易站和金融往來(lái)的需求。

So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow.

哪里形成了金融聯(lián)系，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳钯|(zhì)量就會(huì)很快改善。

In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.

在現(xiàn)代背景下，更深層次的金融互聯(lián)互通可以通過(guò)幾個(gè)重要渠道來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。我今天想強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)渠道：加強(qiáng)資本流動(dòng)和改善金融包容性。

1. Increased Capital Mobility

1. 加強(qiáng)資本流動(dòng)

First, enabling capital to flow more freely.

第一，確保資本更自由地流動(dòng)。

Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. How? By enhancing investments in infrastructure, manufacturing, and even health care.

允許資本跨境流動(dòng)能幫助支持包容性增長(zhǎng)。如何支持?通過(guò)促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)甚至醫(yī)療行業(yè)的投資。

Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely.

目前，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的外國(guó)直接投資(FDI)僅占GDP的1.9% ;而在全球金融危機(jī)之前，這個(gè)數(shù)字是2.5% 。為推進(jìn)主要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)進(jìn)展，需要再次增加資本流動(dòng)規(guī)模，并以安全的方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行管理。

Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.

對(duì)資本流動(dòng)更加開(kāi)放也能降低融資成本，提高金融部門(mén)效率，允許資本支持生產(chǎn)性投資和新增就業(yè)。

That is certainly the case here in China, where a further opening of the bond market to foreign investors will enable diversification and foster the internationalization of the Renminbi (RMB).

這對(duì)中國(guó)尤為適用。中國(guó)向境外投資者進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放債券市場(chǎng)，能夠 實(shí)現(xiàn)債券市場(chǎng)投資者多元化，并促進(jìn)人民幣國(guó)際化。

In fact, the IMF recently published a book on this topic, called “The Future of China’s Bond Market”. It outlines how the inclusion of China’s bonds in global indexes can be a gamechanger not only for China’s own financial markets but also for global investors.

事實(shí)上，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織近期就這一專題出版了一本題為《中國(guó)債券市場(chǎng)的未來(lái)》的新書(shū)。它概述了中國(guó)債券納入全球指數(shù)會(huì)如何給中國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)以及全球投資者帶來(lái)巨大變化。

The book also underscores the challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability.

該書(shū)還強(qiáng)調(diào)了資本市場(chǎng)開(kāi)放帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲悉了成功所需的要素，包括完善的金融監(jiān)管 、透明的投資規(guī)則以及關(guān)注財(cái)政可持續(xù)性。

On this last point, China’s increased focus on the long-term success of BRI projects, and the announcement today by Finance Minister Liu of a BRI debt sustainability framework, are very welcome steps in the right direction.

關(guān)于最后一點(diǎn)，中國(guó)更加關(guān)注“一帶一路倡議”項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)期成功，財(cái)政部劉部長(zhǎng)今天宣布的“一帶一路”倡議債務(wù)可持續(xù)性框架正是朝著正確的方向邁出了令人歡迎的一步。

So too is the work that is now beginning to ensure that investment in BRI projects is green, low-carbon and climate resilient. This will lead to increased environmental sustainability.

同樣令人歡迎的是，當(dāng)前的工作開(kāi)始確保“一帶一路”倡議項(xiàng)目的投資環(huán)保、低碳并具有抵御氣候變化的能力。這將有助于增強(qiáng)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性。

2. Increased Financial Inclusion

2. 改善金融包容性

We also need increased financial inclusion — my second channel for a more effective BRI.

我們還需要改善金融包容性，這是我認(rèn)為提升“一帶一路”倡議有效性的第二個(gè)渠道。

A few numbers: close to half of the adult popu­lation in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution.

這里列舉幾個(gè)數(shù)字：亞太地區(qū)中低收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體近一半的成年人口沒(méi)有銀行賬戶。 曾向金融機(jī)構(gòu)借款的人口比重不到10%。

And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.

然而我們知道，各國(guó)若要在21世紀(jì)繁榮發(fā)展，彌合金融缺口是一項(xiàng)“必須完成的經(jīng)濟(jì)任務(wù)”。國(guó)際貨幣基金組織的分析表明，如果亞洲金融包容性最弱的國(guó)家將金融缺口縮窄至泰國(guó)(一個(gè)新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體)的水平， 這些國(guó)家的貧困率能降低近4%。

How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011。

如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)?一方面，制定能使更多婦女和農(nóng)村 居民獲得金融服務(wù)的政策。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，婦女面臨的金融性別缺口約為9%，且自2011年來(lái)基本保持不變。

There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有根治的良方，但我們知道金融科技能發(fā)揮催化作用。

In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.

例如，柬埔寨通過(guò)強(qiáng)有力的公私合作關(guān)系支持移動(dòng)金融發(fā)展，自2011年來(lái)微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)量增加了兩倍。目前，這些機(jī)構(gòu)已向200多萬(wàn)個(gè)新借款者提供貸款，占成年人口的比重接近20%，這些公民很多從未開(kāi)立銀行賬戶?，F(xiàn)在，他們可以通過(guò)儲(chǔ)蓄規(guī)劃未來(lái)，甚至也許可以自行創(chuàng)業(yè)。

These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other.

這些理念適用于所有國(guó)家，但這些國(guó)家必須有意愿開(kāi)展合作并相互學(xué)習(xí)。

That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.

這就是國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行去年 10 月啟動(dòng) “巴厘島金融科技議程” 的主要原因之一。該議程闡述的核心原則——從發(fā)展金融市場(chǎng)到維護(hù)金融誠(chéng)信——能幫助所有國(guó)家，因?yàn)槠渲荚诟纳平鹑诎菪浴?/p>

It is a model for international collaboration, much like this forum.

這是國(guó)際合作的典范，很像“一帶一路”論壇所實(shí)踐的。

Conclusion

結(jié)論

Let me conclude.

在此，我做一個(gè)總結(jié)。

I began with a Chinese proverb. In the spirit of global connections, I will close with a western poet. The English poet John Donne, who wrote about the Silk Road, was right when he said, “No man (or woman!) is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.”

我在開(kāi)頭引用了一句中國(guó)諺語(yǔ)。本著全球互聯(lián)的精神，我想以一首西方詩(shī)歌來(lái)結(jié)尾。英國(guó)詩(shī)人約翰 • 鄧恩這樣描繪絲綢之路，“沒(méi)有人能如島嶼，獨(dú)立于世;每個(gè)人，都是大陸的一部分” [4]，他說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。

Just like our history, our modern financial landscape reveals the enormous potential of better connections between nations and between financial institutions across borders. These financial connections can lead to new construction, new jobs, new opportunities, and, ultimately, the ability to achieve economic security.

正如我們的歷史，現(xiàn)代金融格局表明，強(qiáng)化各國(guó)之間、跨國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的聯(lián)系有著巨大的潛力。這些金融聯(lián)系能夠帶來(lái)新的建筑項(xiàng)目、新增就業(yè)、新的機(jī)會(huì)，并最終賦予各國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的能力。

If we find ways to harness the potential, we can build more prosperous, inclusive economies that benefit all.

只要我們?cè)O(shè)法充分利用這種潛力，就能構(gòu)建更加繁榮、更具包容性且惠及所有人的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。

Thank you very much. Xièxiè.

非常感謝! Xièxiè.

注：較真題內(nèi)容有所刪減。​​​​

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