2020上半年翻譯資格考試cattti二級筆譯習(xí)題七

How Healthy Is Your Office?

For decades, many developers and architects worked to ensure that their buildings were kind to the planet. Now, their focus is on the effect that buildings have on the people who work in them.

Studies show that healthy workers tend to be more productive, a concept that is behind a growing trend in real estate to create offices with measurable wellness benefits. One frequently cited Harvard study showed that improving air quality caused mental cognition to soar.

The workplaces are designed to coax people to change their behavior. Stairs are placed front and center, for instance, to encourage their use.

But occupants benefit simply from being in an office that has been designed to optimize their health. For instance, the circadian lighting that changes throughout the day, keeping pace with the brightening and dimming of sunlight, has been shown to improve sleeping at night.

Developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fitwel is based primarily on public health data and promotes strategies shown to have the greatest effect on health.

After testing the system on workplaces of the General Services Administration, the C.D.C. contracted with the Center for Active Design, a nonprofit organization in New York, to administer the program and apply it more broadly.

Started last year, Fitwel is essentially a do-it-yourself web-based checklist and scoring system. A building owner or manager enters information about a facility and submits photographic evidence.

“It was designed to be so simple that you can walk around a building with a tablet and check on a checklist and take photos with the tablet and upload them,” said Liz York, the C.D.C.’s chief sustainability officer. “At the end, you click a button.”

Reviewers process the information and give the user a score as well as a to-do list to improve office conditions.

Some companies, such as the commercial real estate firm Tishman Speyer, which has a seat on Fitwel’s advisory board, are applying the program across their portfolio of buildings.

“You can use Fitwel in an individual building, but we want to support massive users,” said Joanna Frank, president and chief executive of the Center for Active Design. “We’re looking at large-scale market transformation.”

你的辦公環(huán)境夠健康么?

數(shù)十年來，許多開發(fā)商和建筑師都努力確保他們的建筑是對這個星球友好的。如今，他們將重心放在了建筑對在其中工作的人的影響上。

研究顯示，健康的員工工作效率更高，這個概念支撐著房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)一個日益增長的趨勢，即打造健康福祉可以計量的辦公室。一項經(jīng)常被引用的哈佛大學(xué)的研究表明，空氣質(zhì)量的改善可以帶來心理認(rèn)知能力的極大提高。

工作場合的設(shè)計是為了引導(dǎo)人們改變自己的行為。比如，為了鼓勵人們多加利用，樓梯放在了前方和中間的位置。

但在一個以促進(jìn)健康為設(shè)計宗旨的辦公室里，僅僅是身在其中就能獲益了。例如，以24小時為周期的照明會在一天內(nèi)不斷變化，與日光的增強和轉(zhuǎn)暗保持同步，這一舉措已經(jīng)被證明能夠改善人們在晚間的睡眠質(zhì)量。

由疾病控制和預(yù)防中心開發(fā)的Fitwel主要基于公共衛(wèi)生數(shù)據(jù)，并推廣已經(jīng)對健康顯示出最大影響的戰(zhàn)略。

在對總務(wù)管理局辦公室的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測試后，疾病控制和預(yù)防中心與紐約的一個非營利組織積極設(shè)計中心簽訂了合同，以管理并更廣泛地應(yīng)用該項目。

從去年開始的Fitwel基本上是一個自己動手的在線清單和評分系統(tǒng)。一棟建筑的所有者或管理者輸入有關(guān)一個設(shè)施的信息并提交照片證據(jù)。

“它的設(shè)計非常簡單，你可以帶著平板電腦在一座建筑里走動，查看清單，用平板電腦拍照并上傳，”疾病控制和預(yù)防中心首席可持續(xù)發(fā)展官利茲·約克說。“到最后，點擊一個按鈕。”

審閱者會處理這些信息，給用戶一個評分和一張待辦事項清單，以改善辦公條件。

包括商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)公司鐵獅門在內(nèi)的一些公司是Fitwel的顧問委員會成員，這些公司正在它們進(jìn)行的開發(fā)項目中應(yīng)用它。

“你可以在一棟單獨的建筑中使用Fitwel，但是我們希望支持大量用戶，”積極設(shè)計中心總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官喬安娜·弗蘭克說。“我們正在考慮大規(guī)模市場轉(zhuǎn)型。”

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