2019年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：載人飛船

漢譯英

載人飛船

2003年10月16日，中國第一架載人宇宙飛船安全返回地面。這標志著中國成為繼美國和前蘇聯(lián)之后第三個成功將人類送上太空的國家。對于中國來說，這是在航天科技上的巨大突破。

與無人飛船相比，載人飛船因有人類直接參與而在技木上有一些特殊要求，包括：

1.環(huán)境控制

宇航員生活和工作的艙段要求嚴格密封，并采取環(huán)境控制措施，其主要作用是調節(jié)艙內和太空服內的溫度、濕度和壓力，吸收人體新陳代謝產物，控制艙內有害物質，提供氧氣、通風、用水并處理廢物。

2.應急救生

載人飛船須配備各種救生裝置，在各個飛行階段可以采用各種不同的應急救生手段。

3.人工控制

由人參與操縱和控制飛船，可提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性，處理預料不到的緊急情況。為此載人飛船都設有手動控制裝置和各種設備，以便于宇航員工作。

4.安全返回

為確保宇航員安全返回，除了通過隔熱層和艙內溫度調節(jié)進行嚴格的溫度控制，返回過程中的過載程度也必須控制在人的耐受范圍內，同時，較高的落點精度也很重要。

5.高可靠性

載人飛船的各系統(tǒng)和設備均要進行可靠性設計，關鍵部件采用備份系統(tǒng)，飛船須在嚴格的環(huán)境條件下進行地面測試和模擬飛行試驗，以排除隱患。飛船的設計還要保證宇航員能對有故障的設備進行必要的維修和置換。

從長遠的觀點看，人類進入外層空間，向宇宙的深度和廣度進軍是歷史的必然。載人航天技術的發(fā)展及其實際應用，對國家的政治、軍事、經濟和科技等均有重要的影響。

參考譯文

The Manned Spaceship

The safe return of China's first manned spaceship on October 16, 2003 has made China the third country in the world that has successfully sent man into space following the United States and the former Soviet Union. For China, this has been a huge breakthrough in space technology.

Unlike the unmanned spaceship, the manned spaceship, which involves direct participation of human beings, must meet some special technological requirements.

1.Environmental control

The modules where the astronauts work or live must be tightly sealed and implement an environmental control program to regulate the temperature, humidity and pressure in the modules and the spacesuits, absorb the end products of metabolism, handle harmful matters in the modules, and provide oxygen, ventilation and water while disposing of the waste.

2.Emergency lifesaving

The manned spaceship must be equipped with a variety of emergency equipment so that different emergency lifesaving measures can be adopted at different stages of spaceflight accordingly.

3.Manual control

Human involvement in the operation and control of the spaceship can increase the reliability of the system and help handle unpredictable emergencies; therefore, the manned spaceship is equipped with manual control devices and various apparatuses to make the job more convenient for the astronauts.

4.Safe return

To ensure the safe return of the astronauts, in addition to the strict temperature control by means of the thermal-protective coating and temperature regulation in the modules, the force of overloading during the landing process must also be restricted within man's endurance capacity.

Meanwhile, high precision of landing is also very important.

5.High reliability

All the systems and equipment of the manned spaceship must undergo reliability design, and the key units must have backup systems. The spaceship must pass ground test and simulated flight test under strict control of environments so as to avoid hidden perils. The design of the spaceship must also allow the astronauts to carry out maintenance and replacement in case of equipment failure.

From a long-term point of view, it is a historic inevitability for man to venture into the outer space and explore the universe in depth and in width. The development and application of manned spaceflight technology will have great influence on a country's politics, military affairs, economy and science and technology.