2019年catti筆譯二級(jí)試題：市場(chǎng)規(guī)模

Just as in America, in Britain too the story told by official statistics does not always match people’s lived experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, don’t feel that upside.The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the nuances of inequality. And averages don’t tell us very much at all. Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, a measly $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation.

Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two capuchin monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer. The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the U.S. in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing age–good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area? Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP, had doubts about his creation. He did not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become enraptured with a single measure that offers only limited information.

當(dāng)今，世界各國(guó)的實(shí)力較量涉及諸多因素，其中最重要的一個(gè)要素是市場(chǎng)規(guī)模。哪個(gè)國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)大，對(duì)其他國(guó)家的吸引力就越大，也越容易處于領(lǐng)先地位。中國(guó)有14億人口，這就決定了它擁有世界上最大的消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)為，過去這些年，中國(guó)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的速度是世界上最快的。

連續(xù)九年，中國(guó)是世界上最大的汽車市場(chǎng)。2016年，美國(guó)銷售了1,700萬輛汽車，同年中國(guó)則銷售了2,400萬輛。其中在中國(guó)的美國(guó)合資公司銷售的汽車占比很大。中國(guó)還是世界上最大的智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)，也是最大的服裝、電商、國(guó)內(nèi)旅游和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)市場(chǎng)展現(xiàn)了驚人的發(fā)展?jié)摿ΑＴ谥袊?guó)，中產(chǎn)和富裕階層人士迅速增長(zhǎng)，年輕人有了全新的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，線上線下銷售渠道覆蓋了全國(guó)各地。隨著醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，還將進(jìn)一步提升中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)能力。

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