2020年上半年翻譯資格考試catti二級(jí)口譯練習(xí)題五

大國挑戰(zhàn)，負(fù)重前行

How Does China Take on a Virus?

武漢已封城一月之久，以戰(zhàn)病毒之役。如秋千受力而擺，疫情讓世界失衡。中國正奮發(fā)圖存。

It has been a month since Wuhan was locked down because of the coronavirus. Like a big push on a swing, the epidemic tips the balance in the world, and China is making efforts to keep standing.

中國龐大的國土成為戰(zhàn)疫的第一挑戰(zhàn)。中國乃泱泱大國，而此次疫情直擊其腹地要害。疫情爆發(fā)于1600萬人口的中部大都市武漢。屋漏偏逢連夜雨，武漢周圍城市眾多，人口皆以百萬計(jì)。武漢乃交通樞紐，疫情大有擴(kuò)散至周邊城市之勢(shì)。疆土廣闊反倒成為戰(zhàn)疫的重大阻礙。

The challenge lies in the country’s size. China is a big country with a large span, and the virus hit the center, literally. The epicenter is a metropolis of 16 million people in the middle of the country. To make matters worse, it is surrounded by many cities, also with millions of inhabitants. Wuhan is a transport hub, and the virus is threatening to infect the whole surrounding area. The size of the country is a significant obstacle.

但凡事有弊也有利。由于中國疆土廣闊，不同地區(qū)得以相互接濟(jì)。武漢告急之時(shí)，四面八方來援。此時(shí)此刻，全國十分之一的重癥監(jiān)護(hù)醫(yī)生正奮戰(zhàn)于武漢。4萬余名醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)急響應(yīng)，火速奔赴抗疫前線。中國火力全開，應(yīng)對(duì)疫情。

But that’s only half the story. Because of its continental size, all the parts feed off each other. When Wuhan fell, the other provinces came to its aid. As we speak, one tenth of the intensive-care doctors of the entire country is in Wuhan. A total of 40,000 medical staff moved to the center in a wartime fashion. China plans to take the virus full on.

體制之機(jī)。戰(zhàn)疫的另一關(guān)鍵在于信息傳遞。中國自有其獨(dú)特的雙向信息流動(dòng)，自上而下和自下而上。

Structure matters. Another weight on scale is messaging. China has two-way traffic of communication: top-down and bottom-up.

中國需要改善信息自下而上的傳導(dǎo)。武漢的八名醫(yī)生于新型病毒爆發(fā)之初便發(fā)出警示，然而他們的聲音卻沒有被重視, 國家監(jiān)委調(diào)查組仍在調(diào)查事件真相。但是有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：匯報(bào)層級(jí)過多，手續(xù)繁雜，缺乏信息上報(bào)動(dòng)力。

China needs to do better bottom-up. When doctors in Wuhan sounded alarms of the new virus, the message got lost. An investigation is still ongoing on why. But one reason is obvious: there are too many layers, too much red tape and too little incentives to send the messages up.

另一方面，中國自上而下的信息傳導(dǎo)十分強(qiáng)大。當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層著手解決問題時(shí)，他們的意志和方法確保了使命必達(dá)，上一呼，下有應(yīng)。中國發(fā)起全民抗疫。中國需要這樣的舉措來應(yīng)對(duì)傳染性極強(qiáng)的疫情，十天之內(nèi)兩家醫(yī)院拔地而起，一周之內(nèi)數(shù)千病房投入使用，全國人民紛紛投身抗疫行動(dòng)。自上而下的信息傳導(dǎo)快速而清晰。高效的行動(dòng)無可非議，尤其在疫情蔓延的當(dāng)下。

But China is strong when it comes to top-down messages. When the leadership is on top of the problem, it has the willpower and wherewithal to make the call. And the grassroots answer. China launched a people’s war. And that was exactly what was needed to deal with a travelling threat like an epidemic. China built two hospitals in ten days, thousands of wards in a week, and shook the population into action. Top-down is fast and sharp. Nobody should argue against efficiency, especially when what is at stake is a plague spreading.

但是保持平衡實(shí)非易事。每個(gè)決定的背后都有取舍，它會(huì)影響百姓生計(jì)，甚至攸關(guān)生死。我們需要減緩疫情傳播速度。中國許多地區(qū)都在執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的檢疫隔離。建立廣泛的檢疫隔離網(wǎng)絡(luò)，減少違規(guī)行為固然是個(gè)好辦法 問題是我們?nèi)匀徊恢来_切的疫情擴(kuò)散范圍。在不侵犯人們的權(quán)利和尊嚴(yán)的情況下有效隔離感染者困難重重。

But keeping the balance is hard. Every decision is a tradeoff when it affects the lives of thousands and the livelihoods of millions. We need to slow the spread. Draconian quarantines are being enforced in many parts of the country. Maintain [Maintaining] a large network of isolation and a low rate of rogue behavior is the answer; the question is: we still don’t know the exact extent of the infection. Isolating the infected while not infringing on people’s rights and decency is not an easy task.

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展依賴于人與人的交往，但疫情防控要求人與人保持距離。我們需要保持一定距離，但我們也需要攜手合作。那么，我們?nèi)绾卧谕炀壬屯炀冉?jīng)濟(jì)之間取得平衡?每個(gè)決策都艱難無比。

Our economy relies on human transaction, but epidemic control depends on social distancing. We need to keep a distance, and yet we need to work together. So how do we balance saving lives and saving economy? This is an issue that requires hard decision making.

但是，最艱難的決定是何時(shí)為疫情畫上句號(hào)。我們對(duì)這個(gè)病毒對(duì)手還知之甚少，工具箱中的手段寥寥無幾，沒有特效藥，也沒有疫苗。眼前仍然無法回答公眾的問題：疫情何時(shí)結(jié)束?

But the hardest is when to draw the line. With so little information on an adversary like the virus and so few weapons at our disposal, without treatment or vaccines, we are not able to answer the public’s question: when does it end?

在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前夕，溫斯頓·丘吉爾如此描述戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：不惜一切代價(jià)，去贏得勝利;無論多么恐怖，還是要贏得勝利;無論道路多么遙遠(yuǎn)艱難也要贏得勝利;因?yàn)闆]有勝利，就是死路一條。

Before the end of the Second World War, Winston Churchill described the war like this: victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.

現(xiàn)在，我們正在與疫情抗?fàn)?。勝利依然可望卻尚不及。幸運(yùn)的是，我們身后有一個(gè)偉大的祖國，全世界都在聲援我們，更有一個(gè)有擔(dān)當(dāng)重成效的體制。未來會(huì)有更艱難的決定。希望我們能做出最佳的選擇，讓自己無怨無悔。

Now, we are at war with a virus. And victory is still ahead of us. Luckily, we still have a big country to fall back on, a world that lifts us, and a system that delivers results. There will be more hard decisions to be made. In the end, we hope those will be the best choices, and we must be proud of them.

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