2019年catti二級(jí)筆譯模擬試題：美國(guó)理工專業(yè)回暖

漢譯英

美國(guó)理工專業(yè)回暖

2005年攻讀科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)研究生的美國(guó)學(xué)生數(shù)量達(dá)到歷史新高，讓哀嘆美國(guó)人對(duì)科學(xué)不感興趣的決策者和企業(yè)總裁們看到了一線希望。

美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)(National Science Foundation)的最新調(diào)查顯示，入讀科學(xué)與工程研究生課程的美國(guó)公民和永久性居民人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了2%，達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的33.955萬(wàn)人。

調(diào)查還顯示，繼前3年下降之后，今年外國(guó)學(xué)生的入學(xué)率首次增長(zhǎng)4%。不過，就讀這些學(xué)科的外國(guó)學(xué)生總數(shù)下降3%，為連續(xù)第二年下降。

美國(guó)科學(xué)促進(jìn)會(huì)(American Association for the Advancement of Science)研發(fā)預(yù)算及政策項(xiàng)目主管Kei Koizumi表示，此次調(diào)查的結(jié)果 "喜憂參半"。

"多數(shù)決策者表示，是，攻讀科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)的美國(guó)人似乎越來越多，"他表示。"但外國(guó)學(xué)生數(shù)量下降，不管是因?yàn)閷?shí)際存在或人們感覺中的簽證問題，還是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)在其它國(guó)家讀書更具吸引力，這都(令人沮喪)。"

9·11恐怖襲擊后，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)外國(guó)學(xué)生實(shí)施限制，此后，來自國(guó)際學(xué)生的申請(qǐng)數(shù)量有所下降。

軟件公司甲骨文(Oracle)主管政府及公共事務(wù)的副總裁羅伯特o霍夫曼(Robert Hoffman)表示： "(美國(guó)的)大學(xué)院校能否招到全世界頂尖的人才，唯一最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于我們的移民體系。"

"該體系對(duì)招生工作來說是個(gè)障礙。它所表達(dá)的意思是：你或許能在美國(guó)大學(xué)里獲得一流教育，但你畢業(yè)后可能無(wú)法在美國(guó)公司里找到一份好工作。"

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，工程專業(yè)的入讀學(xué)生總數(shù)下降2.5%，在很大程度上是因?yàn)橥鈬?guó)學(xué)生數(shù)量的減少，但入讀數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生總數(shù)小幅上升。入讀上述三門學(xué)科的美國(guó)公民人數(shù)有所上升，但每門學(xué)科的學(xué)生增幅不足1%。

商業(yè)圓桌會(huì)議(Business Roundtable)的教育及就業(yè)政策主管蘇珊o崔曼(Susan Traiman)表示，她感到擔(dān)憂的是，隨著英國(guó)和澳大利亞等其它國(guó)家紛紛提高自己在研究生教育方面的投資，并發(fā)起招募國(guó)內(nèi)外優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的攻勢(shì)，美國(guó)研究生院正失去其在吸引外國(guó)最優(yōu)秀人才方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

她表示： "這些數(shù)字似乎表明，目前頂尖人才有更多的選擇。"

"如果沒有數(shù)量足夠的美國(guó)學(xué)生進(jìn)入這些領(lǐng)域，同時(shí)如果沒有外國(guó)人才來填補(bǔ)這些空白，這將有損美國(guó)的創(chuàng)新能力--而這正是美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的根本所在。"

參考譯文

The number of US students going to graduate school for science and engineering hit an all-time high in 2005, offering a glimmer of hope to policymakers and business chiefs who have lamented that Americans are not interested in science.

A new survey conducted by the National Science Foundation shows that enrolment of US citizens and permanent residents in science and engineering graduate programmes increased 2 per cent, to a record 339,550.

The survey also showed a 4 per cent rise in first-time enrolments by foreign students, following three years of decline. However, total enrolment of foreign students in those subjects dropped 3 per cent - the second year in a row with a decline.

Kei Koizumi, the director of the R &D budget and policy programme at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, called the survey's findings "mixed".

"The good news, according to most policymakers, is that it appears Americans are going into science and engineering in greater numbers," he said. "But the drop in foreign students - whether it's because of real or perceived visa problems, or because students find it more attractive to study in other nations - is not as [encouraging]."

Applications from international students fell after the State Department imposed restrictions on foreign students in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks.

"The single biggest challenge for colleges and universities being able to recruit top talent from around the world is our immigration system," said Robert Hoffman, the vice-president of government and public affairs at Oracle, the software company.

"The system is working as a barrier to recruitment. It's saying: you might be able to get a top-flight education at a US university but you might not be able to get a top-flight job at a US company after you graduate."

Total engineering enrolments fell by 2.5 per cent, largely because of a decline in foreign students, but total enrolments in mathematics and the physical sciences rose slightly, according to the survey. Enrolment of US citizens increased in all three categories but by less than 1 per cent in each.

Susan Traiman, the director of education and workforce policy at the Business Roundtable, said she was concerned that US graduate schools were losing their edge in attracting the most talented foreign students, as other countries, such as the UK and Australia, boosted their investment in graduate education and embarked on campaigns to recruit top domestic and international students.

"What these numbers seem to be saying is that top talent has many more options now," she said.

"If we don't have enough Americans going into these fields, and if we don't have the foreign talent to fill the gaps, it jeopardises US innovation - and that is the underpinning of American competitiveness."