翻譯資格整理：政府工作報(bào)告中英對(duì)照

2012年政府工作報(bào)告中英對(duì)照-全文

Full Text: Report on the Work of the Government (2012)

十一屆全國(guó)人大五次會(huì)議5日上午9時(shí)在北京人民大會(huì)堂開幕，國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告。以下為報(bào)告實(shí)錄：

各位代表：

現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作，請(qǐng)各位代表審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies,

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2011年工作回顧

I. Review of Work in 2011

過去的一年，面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國(guó)內(nèi)改革發(fā)展任務(wù)，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，同心同德，團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)，改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。

Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home. Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值47.2萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9.2%;公共財(cái)政收入10.37萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)24.8%;糧食產(chǎn)量1.14萬(wàn)億斤，再創(chuàng)歷史新高;城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1221萬(wàn)人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴(kuò)大了應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“十二五”時(shí)期良好開局。

China’s GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year; government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%; and the country’s grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons. A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.

一年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

We accomplished the following in our work last year.

(一)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，遏制物價(jià)過快上漲，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我們實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅(jiān)持正確處理保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重把握好政策實(shí)施的重點(diǎn)、力度和節(jié)奏，努力做到調(diào)控審慎靈活、適時(shí)適度，不斷提高政策的針對(duì)性、靈活性和前瞻性。

We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace; conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion; and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.

在全球通脹預(yù)期不斷增強(qiáng)，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)大宗商品價(jià)格高位波動(dòng)，國(guó)內(nèi)要素成本明顯上升，部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給偏緊的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)下，我們把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，堅(jiān)持綜合施策，合理運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)貨幣信貸增速，大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障供給，搞活流通，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉(zhuǎn)了一度過快上漲勢(shì)頭。

Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision. As a result, increases in the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI) began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.

下半年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定性不確定性上升，國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅(jiān)持宏觀調(diào)控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策基本穩(wěn)定，繼續(xù)控制通貨膨脹;一方面適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，加強(qiáng)信貸政策與產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的協(xié)調(diào)配合，加大結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅力度，重點(diǎn)支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小型微型企業(yè)，重點(diǎn)支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點(diǎn)保證國(guó)家重大在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需要，有針對(duì)性地解決經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾。

In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China’s economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation. In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions. We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses; improving the people’s wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects; and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion. These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.

我們堅(jiān)定不移地加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控，確保調(diào)控政策落到實(shí)處、見到實(shí)效。投機(jī)、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數(shù)城市房?jī)r(jià)環(huán)比下降，調(diào)控效果正在顯現(xiàn)。我們高度重視防范和化解財(cái)政金融領(lǐng)域的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，及時(shí)對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務(wù)的總規(guī)模、形成原因、償還時(shí)限和區(qū)域分布。這些債務(wù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，形成了大量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)資產(chǎn);也存在一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區(qū)存在局部性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress. Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show. We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors. We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years. These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets. However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.

我們認(rèn)真開展債務(wù)清理整頓和規(guī)范工作，嚴(yán)格控制增量，積極穩(wěn)妥解決債務(wù)償還和在建項(xiàng)目后續(xù)融資問題。目前，我國(guó)政府性債務(wù)水平是可控的、安全的?？偟目?，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)朝著宏觀調(diào)控預(yù)期方向發(fā)展，抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力不斷增強(qiáng)，呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)較快、價(jià)格趨穩(wěn)、效益較好、民生改善的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。

We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects. Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level. China’s economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient. Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people’s wellbeing is improving.

(二)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。我們堅(jiān)持有扶有控，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。

2. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive

鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。全面落實(shí)強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，加大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼力度，穩(wěn)步提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)，加強(qiáng)以農(nóng)田水利為重點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，開展農(nóng)村土地整治，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)和抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)，中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”支出超過1萬(wàn)億元，比上年增加1839億元。農(nóng)業(yè)全面豐收，糧食總產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續(xù)5年超萬(wàn)億斤，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力穩(wěn)定躍上新臺(tái)階。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，解決了6398萬(wàn)農(nóng)村人口的飲水安全和60萬(wàn)無(wú)電地區(qū)人口的用電問題，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件進(jìn)一步改善。

We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.

We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation. We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas. We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily. We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters. Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan. We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture. China’s grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history. Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China’s overall grain production capacity has reached a new level. We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.

加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，新能源、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發(fā)展，三網(wǎng)融合、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)試點(diǎn)示范工作步伐加快。企業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。支持重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)振興和技術(shù)改造，中央預(yù)算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，帶動(dòng)總投資3000億元。加快發(fā)展信息咨詢、電子商務(wù)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，新興服務(wù)領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬。交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)。

We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things. We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations. We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies. This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan. We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas. The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China’s economic and social development.

推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。發(fā)布實(shí)施“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)重點(diǎn)工作的意見。清潔能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬(wàn)千瓦。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)節(jié)能環(huán)保工程建設(shè)，新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1100萬(wàn)噸，5000多萬(wàn)千瓦新增燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組全部安裝脫硫設(shè)施。加大對(duì)高耗能、高排放和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)的調(diào)控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產(chǎn)能1.5億噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能3122萬(wàn)噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1925萬(wàn)噸。實(shí)施天然林保護(hù)二期工程并提高補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)行草原生態(tài)保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策，開展湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)試點(diǎn)。植樹造林9200多萬(wàn)畝。

We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment. We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks. The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year. We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW. We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke. We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes. And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.

促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃。出臺(tái)實(shí)施促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的一系列優(yōu)惠政策。制定實(shí)施新10年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要和興邊富民行動(dòng)規(guī)劃。區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，中西部和東北地區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)增速高于全國(guó)平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)步伐加快。城鎮(zhèn)化率超過50%，這是中國(guó)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)，積極推進(jìn)青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)和恢復(fù)重建工作。

We promoted the balanced development of regional economies. We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones. We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang; and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there. As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading. China’s urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country’s social structure. We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai; Zhugqu, Gansu; and Yingjiang, Yunnan.

(三)大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。各級(jí)政府加大對(duì)科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)的投入，全國(guó)財(cái)政支出2.82萬(wàn)億元。

Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.

持續(xù)提升科技創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究。實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項(xiàng)重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。天宮一號(hào)目標(biāo)飛行器與神舟八號(hào)飛船先后成功發(fā)射并順利交會(huì)對(duì)接，成為我國(guó)載人航天發(fā)展史上新的里程碑。

We continued to enhance China’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities. We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies. We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies. The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China’s development of manned spaceflights. 扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育公平。深入貫徹落實(shí)教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。經(jīng)過25年堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)九年制義務(wù)教育。免除3000多萬(wàn)名農(nóng)村寄宿制學(xué)生住宿費(fèi)，其中1228萬(wàn)名中西部家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生享受生活補(bǔ)助。建立起完整的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系。初步解決農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育的問題。推動(dòng)實(shí)施“學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)教師培訓(xùn)工作，擴(kuò)大中小學(xué)教師職稱制度改革試點(diǎn)，提高中小學(xué)教師隊(duì)伍整體素質(zhì)。首屆免費(fèi)師范生全部到中小學(xué)任教，90%以上在中西部。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable. We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development. Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances. A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place. The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live. A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased. We vigorously developed vocational education. We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality. All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers’ colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.

大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。中央財(cái)政加大對(duì)文化惠民工程的支持，各地對(duì)公益性文化事業(yè)投入顯著增加。擴(kuò)大公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開放范圍，服務(wù)面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。文物保護(hù)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和傳承取得重要進(jìn)展。大力加強(qiáng)群眾體育設(shè)施建設(shè)，全民健身活動(dòng)蓬勃開展，體育事業(yè)取得新成績(jī)。

We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector. The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs. We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services. We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly. Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China’s intangible cultural heritage. We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.

積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展?；踞t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，13億城鄉(xiāng)居民參保，全民醫(yī)保體系初步形成。政策范圍內(nèi)住院費(fèi)用報(bào)銷比例提高，重大疾病醫(yī)療保障病種范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。各級(jí)財(cái)政對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年120元提高到200元。國(guó)家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價(jià)格下降。公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)有序進(jìn)行?；鶎俞t(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系基本建成。基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化取得新進(jìn)展。

We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services. We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered. A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging. We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured. Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year. We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable. We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.

(四)切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問題。我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。

4. Ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests

We continued to put the people’s wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.

實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。多渠道開發(fā)就業(yè)崗位，全力推動(dòng)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加大財(cái)政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)。高校畢業(yè)生初次就業(yè)率77.8%，同比提高1.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。農(nóng)民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長(zhǎng)4.4%，其中，外出農(nóng)民工1.59億人，增長(zhǎng)3.4%。

We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.

積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增速為1985年以來(lái)最高，連續(xù)兩年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民;各地普遍較大幅度調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn);連續(xù)第7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬(wàn)人受益;進(jìn)一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保補(bǔ)助水平以及部分優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)低保對(duì)象、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)對(duì)象等8600多萬(wàn)名困難群眾發(fā)放一次性生活補(bǔ)貼;建立社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大中等收入者所占比重。個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬(wàn)個(gè)體工商戶稅負(fù)。中央決定將農(nóng)民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價(jià))作為新的國(guó)家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比2009年提高92%，把更多農(nóng)村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會(huì)的巨大進(jìn)步。

We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased. We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government’s poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.

加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)。社會(huì)保障覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，全國(guó)參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)大幅增加。2147個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，1334萬(wàn)人參保，641萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。2343個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))開展新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，3.58億人參保，9880萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金，覆蓋面擴(kuò)大到60%以上。解決了500多萬(wàn)名集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬(wàn)名企業(yè)“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養(yǎng)親屬納入工傷保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌管理。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)跨地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)工作有序推進(jìn)。社會(huì)保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化取得的重要成就。

We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China’s counties. We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers’ compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.

大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。出臺(tái)關(guān)于保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理的指導(dǎo)意見，完善財(cái)政投入、土地供應(yīng)、信貸支持、稅費(fèi)減免等政策，著力提高規(guī)劃建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財(cái)政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成432萬(wàn)套，新開工建設(shè)1043萬(wàn)套。

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.

努力維護(hù)社會(huì)公共安全。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調(diào)查、問責(zé)工作。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產(chǎn)加工行為。堅(jiān)持以人為本、服務(wù)為先，加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理，著力排查化解各類社會(huì)矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動(dòng)，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。

We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.

(五)深入推進(jìn)改革開放，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入新的活力和動(dòng)力。我們按照“十二五”規(guī)劃提出的改革任務(wù)，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革。

5. Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development. We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

完善公共財(cái)政體系特別是預(yù)算管理制度，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，深化部門預(yù)算改革，推進(jìn)政府預(yù)算、決算公開，98個(gè)中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”。在全國(guó)范圍實(shí)施原油、天然氣資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革，出臺(tái)營(yíng)業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)方案。把跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算范圍擴(kuò)大到全國(guó)，啟動(dòng)境外直接投資人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)，開展外商直接投資人民幣結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)。深化集體林權(quán)制度改革，啟動(dòng)國(guó)有林場(chǎng)改革試點(diǎn)，依法開展草原承包經(jīng)營(yíng)登記。推進(jìn)水利建設(shè)管理體制改革，創(chuàng)新水資源管理體制。深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施電網(wǎng)主輔分離改革重組以及上網(wǎng)電價(jià)和非居民用電價(jià)格調(diào)整方案?；就瓿舌l(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革。事業(yè)單位分類改革有序開展。

We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system. We put all extra-budgetary funds under budgetary management; expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital; deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets; and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts. Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality. We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) on a trial basis. We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB. We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law. We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources; and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises. We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity. We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.

我們堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對(duì)外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。積極推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，努力優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。全年貨物進(jìn)出口總額3.64萬(wàn)億美元，增長(zhǎng)22.5%，其中，出口增長(zhǎng)20.3%，進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)24.9%，貿(mào)易順差進(jìn)一步下降。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)和中西部地區(qū)比重提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對(duì)外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國(guó)際和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，多邊雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系繼續(xù)深化。

We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China’s open economy. We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix. China’s total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%. Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further. Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions. Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion. We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.

我們?cè)诿裰鞣ㄖ平ㄔO(shè)、國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、港澳臺(tái)工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進(jìn)展。

We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system; strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces; and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.

過去一年的成績(jī)來(lái)之不易，顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性和生命力，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學(xué)決策、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國(guó)各族人民齊心協(xié)力、頑強(qiáng)拼搏的結(jié)果。我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向全國(guó)各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝!向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝!向關(guān)心和支持中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際組織和各國(guó)朋友，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝!

Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation. We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people’s organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.

我們也清醒地看到，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。從國(guó)際看，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程艱難曲折，國(guó)際金融危機(jī)還在發(fā)展，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)短期內(nèi)難以緩解。主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體失業(yè)率居高難下，增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力不足，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體面臨通貨膨脹和經(jīng)濟(jì)增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動(dòng)，大宗商品價(jià)格大幅震蕩。國(guó)際貿(mào)易投資保護(hù)主義強(qiáng)化。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，解決體制性結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，緩解發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中又出現(xiàn)不少新情況新問題。主要是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)存在下行壓力，物價(jià)水平仍處高位，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控處于關(guān)鍵階段，農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收難度加大，就業(yè)總量壓力與結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾并存，一些企業(yè)特別是小型微型企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難增多，部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩凸顯，能源消費(fèi)總量增長(zhǎng)過快。一些長(zhǎng)期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結(jié)構(gòu)性因素和周期性因素相互作用，國(guó)內(nèi)問題和國(guó)際問題相互關(guān)聯(lián)，宏觀調(diào)控面臨更加復(fù)雜的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺點(diǎn)和不足，節(jié)能減排、物價(jià)調(diào)控目標(biāo)沒有完成;征地拆遷、安全生產(chǎn)、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強(qiáng)烈;政府管理和服務(wù)水平有待提高，廉政建設(shè)亟需加強(qiáng)。

We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development. Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon. The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth. Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth. The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations. Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting. Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development. In addition, China’s economy is encountering new problems. There is downward pressure on economic growth. Prices remain high. Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage. It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes. Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries. Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations. Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity. Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast. Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven; structural and cyclical factors affect each other; domestic and international problems have become interrelated; and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation. There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government’s work. Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met. Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them. Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.

我們一定要以對(duì)國(guó)家和人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實(shí)解決存在的問題，努力把各項(xiàng)工作做得更好，決不辜負(fù)人民的重托。

We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people’s expectations.

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